Basic Principles Of Clinical Pharmacology Questions And
Answers With Verified Solutions (Graded A+) Latest
Update 2024/2025.
What are the four processes of pharmacokinetics? - ANSWER Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism/Biotransformation
Excretion
What are the three main routes of medication administration - ANSWER Enteral
Parenteral
Topical
What are some mechanisms for drug passage across membranes? - ANSWER passive Diffusion
facilitated diffusion
active transport
pinocytosis
What is passive diffusion? - ANSWER higher concentration to lower concentration
driving force is drug concentration
utilized by a majority of drugs
How is facilitated diffusion different from passive diffusion? - ANSWER it's a carrier mediated
transport process
the carrier advances movement of the drug down an electrochemical gradient
Does facilitated diffusion require energy? - ANSWER No
What are some features of active transport? - ANSWER Requires a carrier
Consumes energy
Against a concentration gradient
Selective
Subject to competitive inhibition
What is pinocytosis - ANSWER cell membrane folds over forming vesicles
, extracellular contents are trapped in the vesicle for passage
what is absorption - ANSWER the movement of a drug from its site of administration to the
systemic circulation and the extent to which it occurs
What is bioavailability - ANSWER a measure of the amount of drug that is actually absorbed
from a given dose;
the degree to which a drug or other substance becomes available to the target tissue after
administration
what factors influence bioavailability - ANSWER blood flow (fat vs. muscle)
First pass effect
What is distribution - ANSWER the process by which a drug, now in circulation is delivered en
mass to the tissue
what factors influence distribution - ANSWER based on CO to the tissue - brain, heart, lungs,
liver and kidneys receive disproportionally high amounts first
what are compartment models and what are they used for - ANSWER a compartment model is
a conceptual division of the body that quantitates drug absorption, distribution, and elimination
it's used to predict a time course of drug concentrations in the body
what form of the drug is the active form - free or bound - ANSWER free, unbound drug is active
are drugs that are bound to proteins distributed? - ANSWER Protein bound drugs are not
distributed and are inactive
what is the volume of distribution? - ANSWER it's the volume of fluid to which a drug is
distributed, A large Vd indicates extensive drug distribution into body tissues and fluids, and indicates a
longer half-life and duration of action
a small Vd indicates limited distribution - most likely plasma compartment only
explain redistribution - ANSWER as concentrations in the blood fall (due to tissue uptake or
discontinued infusion), drug concentration in the tissues is higher than in the plasma
drug is released back into plasma until it equilibrates
What ways are drugs eliminated? - ANSWER excretion
metabolism
what organs eliminate drugs? - ANSWER liver
kidneys
other structures, such as lungs, stomach, small intestines, skin, plasma, can all assist.
Which drugs are excreted unchanged via urine/stool?
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Amazingsirpaul. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.89. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
