HSP Exam 1 Questions with complete
solutions graded A+
define physiology - correct answer ✔✔the study of the function of living things
List and describe the levels of organization in the body. - correct answer ✔✔Chemical level: Various
atoms and molecules make up all body structures. Cellular level: Specific chemicals are organized into
living cells, which are the basic units of both structure and function. Tissue level: Groups of cells of
similar specialization are organized into tissues. Organ level: An organ is made up of several tissue types
that act together as a unit to perform a particular function or functions. Body system level: A body
system is a collection of related organs that interact to accomplish a com- mon activity essential for
survival of the whole body. Organism level: The body systems are structurally and functionally packaged
together into the whole body, which is a single, multicellular organism capable of living independently in
the surrounding external environment.
State the basic cell functions. - correct answer ✔✔Every cell performs basic cell functions essential for its
survival, including (1) obtaining food and O2 from the environment surround- ing the cell; (2) performing
chemical reactions using food and O2 to provide energy for the cell; (3) eliminating to the surrounding
environ- ment wastes produced by these reactions; (4) synthesizing proteins and other components
needed by the cell; (5) largely controlling exchanges between the cell and surrounding environment; (6)
moving materials within the cell or, in the case of some cells, moving the cell; (7) being sensitive and
responsive to changes in the surrounding environment; and (8) reproducing (except for nerve cells and
muscle cells).
Name the four primary types of tissue and give an example of each. - correct answer ✔✔muscle tissue
(skeletal muscle attached to bones, cardiac muscle in the heart, and smooth muscle in the walls of
hollow organs); nervous tissue (in the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and special sense organs); epithelial
tissue (skin, linings of hollow organs, exocrine glands, and endocrine glands); and connective tissue
(loose connective tissue, tendons, bone, and blood)
Distinguish among external environment, internal environment, intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid,
plasma, and interstitial fluid. - correct answer ✔✔The external environment is the surrounding
environment in which an organism lives. The internal environment is the fluid inside the body and
outside the cells in which the cells live. The intracellular fluid is the fluid collectively within all body cells.
The extracellular fluid is the fluid inside the body and outside the cells and constitutes the internal
, environment. The extracellular fluid is made up of the plasma, the fluid portion of the blood, and
interstitial fluid, the fluid that sur- rounds and bathes the cells.
which of the following activities is not carried out by every cell in the body?
a) obtaining O2 and nutrients
b) performing chemical reactions to acquire energy for the cell's use
c) eliminating wastes
d) largely controlling exchange of materials between the cell and its external environment
e) reproducing - correct answer ✔✔reproducing
Which of the following is the proper progression of the levels of organization in the system?
a) Chemicals, cells, organs, tissues, body systems, whole body
b) Chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, body systems, whole body
c) cells, chemicals, tissues, organs, whole body, body systems
d) cells, chemicals, organs, tissues, whole body, body systems
e) chemicals, cells, tissues, body systems, organs, whole body - correct answer ✔✔Chemicals, cells,
tissues, organs, body systems, whole body
Which of the following is not a type of connective tissue?
a. bone
b. blood
c. the spinal cord
d. tendons
e. the tissue that attaches epithelial tissue to underlying structures - correct answer ✔✔the spinal cord
The term tissue can apply either to one of the four primary tissue types or to a particular organ's
aggregate of cellular and extracellular components. (True or false?) - correct answer ✔✔true
Cells in a multicellular organism have specialized to such an extent that they have little in common with
single-celled organisms. (True or false?) - correct answer ✔✔false
solutions graded A+
define physiology - correct answer ✔✔the study of the function of living things
List and describe the levels of organization in the body. - correct answer ✔✔Chemical level: Various
atoms and molecules make up all body structures. Cellular level: Specific chemicals are organized into
living cells, which are the basic units of both structure and function. Tissue level: Groups of cells of
similar specialization are organized into tissues. Organ level: An organ is made up of several tissue types
that act together as a unit to perform a particular function or functions. Body system level: A body
system is a collection of related organs that interact to accomplish a com- mon activity essential for
survival of the whole body. Organism level: The body systems are structurally and functionally packaged
together into the whole body, which is a single, multicellular organism capable of living independently in
the surrounding external environment.
State the basic cell functions. - correct answer ✔✔Every cell performs basic cell functions essential for its
survival, including (1) obtaining food and O2 from the environment surround- ing the cell; (2) performing
chemical reactions using food and O2 to provide energy for the cell; (3) eliminating to the surrounding
environ- ment wastes produced by these reactions; (4) synthesizing proteins and other components
needed by the cell; (5) largely controlling exchanges between the cell and surrounding environment; (6)
moving materials within the cell or, in the case of some cells, moving the cell; (7) being sensitive and
responsive to changes in the surrounding environment; and (8) reproducing (except for nerve cells and
muscle cells).
Name the four primary types of tissue and give an example of each. - correct answer ✔✔muscle tissue
(skeletal muscle attached to bones, cardiac muscle in the heart, and smooth muscle in the walls of
hollow organs); nervous tissue (in the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and special sense organs); epithelial
tissue (skin, linings of hollow organs, exocrine glands, and endocrine glands); and connective tissue
(loose connective tissue, tendons, bone, and blood)
Distinguish among external environment, internal environment, intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid,
plasma, and interstitial fluid. - correct answer ✔✔The external environment is the surrounding
environment in which an organism lives. The internal environment is the fluid inside the body and
outside the cells in which the cells live. The intracellular fluid is the fluid collectively within all body cells.
The extracellular fluid is the fluid inside the body and outside the cells and constitutes the internal
, environment. The extracellular fluid is made up of the plasma, the fluid portion of the blood, and
interstitial fluid, the fluid that sur- rounds and bathes the cells.
which of the following activities is not carried out by every cell in the body?
a) obtaining O2 and nutrients
b) performing chemical reactions to acquire energy for the cell's use
c) eliminating wastes
d) largely controlling exchange of materials between the cell and its external environment
e) reproducing - correct answer ✔✔reproducing
Which of the following is the proper progression of the levels of organization in the system?
a) Chemicals, cells, organs, tissues, body systems, whole body
b) Chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, body systems, whole body
c) cells, chemicals, tissues, organs, whole body, body systems
d) cells, chemicals, organs, tissues, whole body, body systems
e) chemicals, cells, tissues, body systems, organs, whole body - correct answer ✔✔Chemicals, cells,
tissues, organs, body systems, whole body
Which of the following is not a type of connective tissue?
a. bone
b. blood
c. the spinal cord
d. tendons
e. the tissue that attaches epithelial tissue to underlying structures - correct answer ✔✔the spinal cord
The term tissue can apply either to one of the four primary tissue types or to a particular organ's
aggregate of cellular and extracellular components. (True or false?) - correct answer ✔✔true
Cells in a multicellular organism have specialized to such an extent that they have little in common with
single-celled organisms. (True or false?) - correct answer ✔✔false
