BRS CELL PHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A++
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BRS PHYSIOLOGY
BRS CELL PHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A++
Cross cell membranes because they can dissolve in the hydrophobic lipid bilayer
Lipid-soluble substances
Cannot dissolve in the lipid of the membrane, but may cross through water-filled channels, or pores, or may be transporte...
brs cell physiology exam questions with verified a
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BRS CELL PHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A++
Cross cell membranes because they can dissolve in the hydrophobic lipid bilayer
Lipid-soluble substances
Cannot dissolve in the lipid of the membrane, but may cross through water-filled
channels, or pores, or may be transported by carriers
Water-soluble substances
Anchored to and imbedded in the cell membrane through hydrophobic
interactions; may span the cell membrane; include ion channels, transport
proteins, receptors, and GTP-binding proteins
Integral proteins
Are not imbedded in the cell membrane or covalently bound to membrane
components, but are loosely attached to the cell membrane by electrostatic
interactions
Peripheral proteins
Attachments between cells that permit intercellular communication such as
current flow and electrical coupling between myocardial cells
Gap junctions
The only form of transport that is not carrier-mediated; occurs down an
electrochemical gradient; does not require metabolic energy and therefore is
passive; can be measured by Fick's Law
,Simple diffusion
Describes the ease with which a solute diffuses through a membrane; depends
on the characteristics of the solute and the membrane
Permeability
Have the highest permeabilities in lipid membranes
Small hydrophobic solutes
Must cross cell membranes through water-filled channels or pores
Hydrophilic solutes
Flux will depend on both concentration and potential differences across the
membrane
Movement of ions
Includes facilitated diffusion and primary and secondary active transport;
characterized by stereospecificity (identification by isomer), saturation (regarding
transport maximum), and competition (structurally related solutes compete for
transport sites on carrier molecules)
Carrier-mediated transport
Occurs down an electrochemical gradient, similar to simple diffusion; does not
require metabolic energy and therefore is passive; more rapid than simple
diffusion; carrier-mediated and therefore exhibits stereospecificity, saturation,
and competition
Facilitated diffusion
, Occurs against an electrochemical gradient; requires direct input of metabolic
energy in the form of ATP; carrier-mediated and therefore exhibits
stereospecificity, saturation, and competition
Primary active transport
Transport of two or more solutes (coupled) with one uphill and one downhill, and
provides energy for the uphill transport of the other solutes; metabolic energy is
not provided directly, but indirectly from the Na+ gradient that is maintained
across cell membranes
Secondary active transport
Secondary active transport where the solutes move in the same direction across
the cell membrane
Cotransport/symport
Secondary active transport where the solutes move in the opposite direction
across the cell membrane
Counter-transport/exchange/antiport
The concentration of osmotically active particles in a solution; a colligative
property
Osmolarity
The flow of water across a semipermeable membrane from a solution with low
solute concentration to a solution with high solute concentration
Osmosis
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