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BRS - GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED
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BRS - GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED What is the function of epithelial cells of the GI tract? secretion and absorption What is the function of the muscularis mucosa? change the surface area fro secretion and absorption What is the function of circular muscle...

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  • November 14, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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BRS - GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY EXAM

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED


What is the function of epithelial cells of the GI tract?

secretion and absorption

What is the function of the muscularis mucosa?

change the surface area fro secretion and absorption

What is the function of circular muscle?

decrease lumen diameter

What is the function of longitudinal muscle?

shortening of GI tract

What two major plexuses constitute the enteric nervous system?

Submucosal (Meissner's) plexus and myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus

Is the parasympathetic nervous system usually excitatory or inhibitory with

respects to the GI tract?

excitatory

Where do preganglionic parasympathetic fibers synapse?

myenteric and submucosal plexuses

Which nerves carry the parasympathetic stimulation?

vagus and pelvic nn.

What does the vagus n. innervate with respects to the GI tract?

esophagus, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, and upper large intestine

,What is the name of both afferent and efferent reflexes carried in the vagus

nerve?

vasovagal reflexes

What does the pelvic nerve innervate with respects to the GI tract?

lower large intestine, rectum, and anus

Is the sympathetic nervous system usually inhibitory or excitatory with respects

to the GI tract?

inhibitory

Where do sympathetic fibers for the GI tract originate?

T8-L2

Where do postganglionic sympathetic fibers synapse?

myenteric and submucosal plexuses

What provides the intrinsic innervation of the GI tract in general?

enteric nervous system

What type of reflexes are used in the enteric nervous system?

local reflexes

Can the enteric nervous system control most functions of the GI tract without

extrinsic innervation?

Yes

The myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus is involved in what type of control primarily?

motility

The submucosal (Meissner's) plexus is involved in what type of control primarily?

secretion and blood flow

, What four substances meet the requirements to be "official" GI hormones?

gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide

What part of gastrin gives it its biological activity?

the last four amino acids of the C-terminal

What are the actions of gastrin?

increase proton secretion from parietal cells; stimulate growth of gastric mucosa

What cells in the antrum secrete gastrin?

G cells

What are the stimuli for secretion of gastrin?

1. small peptides and amino acids

2. stomach distention

3. vagal stimulation mediated by gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)

Why does atropine not block vagally mediated gastrin secretion?

Atropine is a competitive inhibitor of muscarinic receptors, but since GRP is released in

addition to ACh, secretion continues.

What inhibits gastrin secretion?

negative feedback by protons; somatostatin

Is cholecystokinin (CCK) homologous to gastrin?

yes; five C-terminal amino acids are the same in gastrin and CCK

Where does the biological activity of CCK reside?

C-terminal heptapeptide

True or False? Due to homology between CCK and gastrin, the C-terminal

heptapeptide has both gastrin and CCK activity?

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