Exam (elaborations)

MLT 106 TEST 2; BASIC GENETICS EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS [ GRADED A+]

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MLT 106

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MLT 106

MLT 106 TEST 2; BASIC GENETICS EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS [ GRADED A+] Cellular Genetics - pertains to the cellular organization of genetic materials, i.e., chromatin materials Molecular Genetics - based on the biochemistry of genes and the structures that support genes, i.e.,...

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mlt 106

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MLT 106 TEST 2; BASIC GENETICS EXAM

QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS [

GRADED A+]

Cellular Genetics - ✔✔pertains to the cellular organization of genetic

materials, i.e., chromatin materials

Molecular Genetics - ✔✔based on the biochemistry of genes and the

structures that support genes, i.e., DNA, and various proteins that are

part of the chromosomal architecture

Gene - ✔✔Section of DNA along chromosome

- italicized when describing a genetic inheritance pattern ( A, B, and O

gene)

,Alleles - ✔✔One of two or more different genes that may occupy a

specific locus on a chromosome. "An alternate form of gene"

Locus - ✔✔Specific location of a gene on a chromosome

Amorph - ✔✔A silent gene; a gene that does not appear to produce a

detectable antigen, such as Jk, Lu, O

Genotype - ✔✔Sequence of DNA that is inherited; an individual's actual

genetic makeup

Phenotype - ✔✔Produced by the genotype, including an enzyme to

control a blood group antigen; and then length of long bones of the

skeleton

- *the physical or observable expression of a genotype*

; they are not italicized when describing an inheritance pattern

Dominant Gene - ✔✔a trait or characteristic that will be expressed in

the offspring even though it is only carried on one of the homologous

chromosomes

,Recessive Gene - ✔✔a type of gene that, in the presence of its

dominant allele, *does not express itself*

Co-dominant Gene - ✔✔a pair of genes in which neither is dominant

over the other; that is they are both expressed

Homozygous - ✔✔presence of two identical alleles on both

chromosomes

- EX: AA or BB

Heterozygous - ✔✔Inheritance of different allele from each parent at a

particular locus

- EX: AO or AB

Autosomal - ✔✔Traits not carried on the sex chromosome

Autosomal dominant - ✔✔Traits physically expressed by all members of

the family that carry the allele

Prokaryotic - ✔✔Without a defined nucleus

, Eukaryotic - ✔✔With a define nucleus (human beings and all other

mammals

Histones - ✔✔Long polymers of DNA and basic proteins that

*comprises the chromatin to keep chromosome shape.*

- highly basic protein of which DNA is coiled around

Population Genetics Overview: - ✔✔- Major areas concerning blood

banking include Mendel's laws of inheritance, the Hardy-Weinberg

principle, and inheritance patterns

- Gregor Mendel was an *Austrian monk and mathematician* who used

sweet pea plants growing in a monastery garden to study physical traits

in organisms and how they are inherited

- he determined the physical traits to be due to factors he called

*elementen within the cell*

- In modern genetics, we know the physical basis of these so-called

elementen is genes within the nucleus of the cell

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