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Summary Properties of Gases

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Vak
Ch 101 (CH101)

Instelling
Boston University

The properties of gases cover their behavior and characteristics, including pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of gas particles. These properties are interrelated by the ideal gas law (PV = nRT), which helps predict how gases will respond to changes in conditions. Additionally, gas propertie...

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compressibilities -
measure of how much a given volume of matter

chapte.ir/30#P-es0fGa-esauizononap+eri3
decreases when placed under pressure

Vaporize conversion of a substance from
-
the liquid or solid phase
ahttle of chapter 14 into thegaseous lvapour) phase .

liquid .
Pressure force -
of all the gas particle /
wall collisions divided by the area

5011 d G-015 of the wall

.GE?@iFeg&.@Foi9asi9@•⑧s⑧s manometer device similar to a barometer that can be used to measure
-

ceres
⑧D⑧g 88 ⑧D ⑧D 98 ⑧f⑧y egg the pressure of gas trapped in a container

⑧d⑧d⑧d⑧d⑧s⑧k@⑧d⑧r⑧h⑧s
a

⑧s⑧y⑧s⑧h⑧h⑧d⑧d⑧s⑧s⑧y as egg
as ,@⑧s⑧s⑧s⑧s•⑧•⑧
⑧y⑧y⑧f⑧f⑧d⑧d⑧d⑧d⑧f
⑧
⑧ ⑧⑧
⑧d ⑧t⑧y
⑧rg⑧s⑧⑧⑧r⑧⑧r⑧⑧s
⑧d⑧f⑧y⑧f⑧y ⑧f torr -
obsolete unit of pressure

qq.gg ⑧y⑧f⑧y⑧D
⑧④ as
⑧y⑧y⑧y⑧f⑧f⑧d⑧d⑧d⑧f⑧D⑧D ⑧
egg barometer -
an lstrument used to measure atmospheric pressure
⑧⑧ as
⑧d⑧s⑧y⑧g⑧r⑧y⑧g ⑧r⑧s⑧r⑧d⑧d⑧d⑧d⑧g⑧d⑧y pg
⑧D⑧D⑧t⑧y⑧y⑧y⑧y⑧y⑧y ⑧d⑧d⑧d⑧t⑧d⑧d⑧d⑧d⑧t ⑧D
egg ⑧d⑧d⑧f⑧d⑧t⑧d⑧d⑧d⑧t⑧h standard atmosphere unit of pressure equal to the mean atmospheric
-

⑧f⑧g⑧f⑧g⑧y⑧y⑧y⑧y⑧gas
,

8D Pressure at sea level
⑧⑧ ⑧ ⑧s⑧s⑧s⑧s⑧s⑧s⑧s
⑧s⑧s⑧s⑧s⑧g ⑧⑧ ⑧ egg
⑧y⑧y⑧y⑧y⑧y ⑧y ⑧y⑧f ⑧g ⑧d⑧t⑧f⑧t⑧d⑧t⑧t⑧d⑧d⑧t egg 8D ⑧f s hypothesis equal volumes of all
Avogadro
-

gases at the same temperature
⑧f⑧D⑧D⑧f⑧f⑧D⑧D⑧f⑧g⑧D and pressure contain equal
numbers of particles

can be used to
The The ideal gas equation
G- / us sacs law of combining volumes volume of gases taking part chemical reaction show simple whole number ratios
-

in a
ay molecular masses of gases
when those volumes
are measured at the same temperature and pressure . calculate the
to one another

"
boyles
/①
law -
The pressure and volume of

,ifN=¥¥=(}°z?z¥?m%%µ_,ygza
a
gas have an inverse relationship
= 4 036
' × MO /

Charles law -
a statement that the volume occupied by a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature
,gµg_
pressure remains constant

0.286 grams of chlorine gas = 4.036×10 3m01
-

absolute / Kelvin temperature scale -
TIK = -1/8+273.15

absolute Zero the lowest temperature 0 286
-

that is
theoretically possible ,
at which the motion of particles that constitutes heat -

grams
would be minimal I t . is zero on the Kelvin scale , equivalent to -273.15°C or -459.67°F
70-9
¥ÉmoT grams I 1. 00m01
=

4- MT
-

Helium sample

÷m7÷.=÷:
Yi 10.0°C -1273.15=283.214
Ti 20°C 1000°C
Values of Vrms for four gases and
=
at

Tf -196°C +273.15=77
K

'=m)
=
'
"f
G-as → Molar / kg moi -7-1=204 1000%
(1-251)%7%-21<-1--0.34
mass →t =
Vf
.

= L
If
Hz → 0.0020 → 1900 → 4000
Solving
for Hf Hi
=

N2 → 0.0280 → 510--7 1060

02 → 0.0320 → 480 → 1000
and temperature
Equal Volumes of gases at the same pressure
contain equal numbers of molecules
coz → 0.0440 → 410 → 850

a) hydrogen gas + chlorine gas =
hydrogen chlorine gas
2 volumes
Most of the volume of a gas Is empty space
I 11014 me 1- I 11014 me =

and
b) hydrogen gas +
The volume of gas is
inversely proportional to Its pressure
oxygen gas = gaseous vapor
to its Kelvin temperature
directly proportional
2 Volumes + 1 volume = 2 volumes

c) hydrogen
3 Volumes
gas +

+
nitrogen gas
1 volume =
= ammonia

2 volumes
gas
µ ✗
f-
(constant temperature)
The Ideal gas equation -
is a combination
11 =
§
of Boyles , Charles, and Avogadroslaw .

( fixed P and T) 2 HCl (g)
11 ✗ n Hz (g) +
Clz (g) =

1 molecule 1 molecule 2 molecules
µ ✗
f- (fixed 1- and n)
1 volume 1 volume z volumes

11 ✗ T (fixed Pandi n)
2 Hz (g) + 02 = 21-1,0
molecule 2 molecules
2 molecules
1

1 volume 2 volumes
2 volumes

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