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NR 341 Complex Adult Health Exam 3: Questions And Answers (100% Correct)
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NR 341 Complex Adult Health Exam 3: Questions And Answers (100% Correct)
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NR 341 Complex Adult Health Exam 3: Questions AndAnswers (100% Correct)
Renal Failure Right Ans - Occurs when kidneys cannot remove the body's
metabolic wastes or perform regulatory functions.
Acute Kidney Injury Right Ans - rapid loss of renal function due to damage
to the kidneys
Causes of AKI Right Ans - Hypovolemia
Hypotension
Infections
Decreased cardiac output and heart failure
Obstruction of the kidney or lower urinary tract
Blood clot or renal stones (rare)
Obstruction of renal arteries or veins
Nephrotoxic agents
Types of AKI Right Ans - Prerenal - hypoperfusion of kidney, not enough
blood to kidney
Intrarenal - actual damage to glomeruli or kidney tubules
Postrenal - urinary obstruction that impedes forward flow (tumor, stone)
Pt has increased creatinine level and increased BUN, what is the issue?
Right Ans - Problem with kidney perfusion
Pt has increased creatinine and increased BUN, what are the nursing
priorities? Right Ans - Check urine output
Check specific gravity - filtration/how concentrated
Fixed specific gravity Right Ans - Kidney damage - can't dilute
urine/accommodate
Specific gravity lab value Right Ans - 1.005-1.030
Lab values to monitor for kidney function Right Ans - BUN, creatinine,
creatinine clearance, GFR, specific gravity, UA
, Adult urine output Right Ans - 30 mL/hr
What lab increases during dehydration? Right Ans - BUN
Normal Na levels Right Ans - 135-145 mEq/L
Signs of hyponatremia Right Ans - Anorexia, nausea, cramps, fatigue,
lethargy, muscle weakness, headache, confusion, seizures, decreased blood
pressure
AKI prerenal causes Right Ans - Volume depletion
Decreased cardiac output
Vasodilation
AKI intrarenal causes Right Ans - Acute tubular necrosis (ATN)
Prolonged renal ischemia
Nephrotoxic agents
Infectious process
AKI postrenal causes Right Ans - Urinary tract obstruction
Tumors, calculus (stones)
AKI phases Right Ans - Onset - initial problem
Oliguria - urine output <400ml/24 hrs, accompanied by increase in serum
concentration of substances usually excreted by kidneys
Diuresis - gradual increase in urine output, daily urine output 1-3 L per day
(due to osmotic diuresis) signals that filtration has started to recover, kidneys
have recovered ability to excrete wastes but not to concentrate the urine,
observe closely for hyponatremia, hypokalemia, dehydration
Recovery - signals the improvement of renal function (increasing GFR), may
take 3-12 months
AKI symptoms Right Ans - Lethargic
Drowsiness
Headache
Muscle twitching
Seizures
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