Covalent bonding occurs when two atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, usually fulfilling the octet rule. This type of bond typically forms between nonmetal atoms, where the shared electrons create a strong connection that holds the atoms together. Covalent bonds can be ...
chapte.ro/:Cova-entbndng-
1-15=1-1-1-1 → bond order
-12
Tetrahedral
H
Hi=H → bond order
-21
H
distribution centered on the nucleus > Which 's
\ / 1-12=1-1:H → bond order 1
ground state wavefunction spherically symmetric
- -_
exponentially
at ' "9"d"+aⁿ "
attire center and reduces
largest H -
C -
C -
H
order__ 0 doesnt
theory electrons inamolecule
are not assigned -10 Individual chemical bonds between / " Hq=H:H → bond exist
molecular orbital
-
nude " " the whole molecule
H
ofthe atom " H order
:{
.
under the influence He -1=1-1 :/+ → bond
atoms , but are treated as moving ,
homonuoiear diatomic
molecule -
both atoms are the same element, the same orbitals will overlap
hybridization ; Li+z=Li Iz
'_
and form molecular orbitals -
Li → bond order __
together
sp3 Liz -_ Li :[i → bond order-_ 1
orbital describes the attractive interactions between the atomic orbitals ottwoormoreatomsina
bonding
-
molecule
internuclear axis
-
Imaginary straight-line that connects the nuclei of atoms bounded to eachother in a molecule Be> → bond order -_ 0 doesnt exist
raise
orbital molecular orbital that weakens the chemical bond between two atoms and helps -10
Betz→ bond order, 112
antibonding
-
of the molecule
relative -10 the separated atoms
the energy
" " " " """ "
[
" "" "" " " "" " " " "
internuclear distance
-
the distance between two nuclei lnamoleoule
2pct Cz double bond
Paramagnetic unpaired
-
electron
,
(4-21)=2 , diamagnetic
2%0 Nz Triple bond
diamagnetic
-
all electrons are paired .
.
(6-02)=3 , diamagnetic
Molecular Orbitals
250
(
-
02 double
(6-21)=2
compound broken down by Photons ; Interaction of with bond
photo dissociation chemical
-
is one or more photons , , paramagnetic
one
target molecule ; not
limited -10 Visible light
1 ↳ Zpz f single bond,
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H O H bond angle
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delocalized IT framework →
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combine Aoson central atom to form hybrid AO 's
180° bonding
•
SN bond non
angle is
•
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5111=3 bond angle is 120° •
associated with all atomsinamolecule
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514=4 bond angle 109.5° •
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•
•
↑ H
H
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sina.ianeara.it/1Tframework
•
(8) Sigma framework
) ( convention ; single bond
(numberofe1ec+r◦#j )
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shares aging, @ pair of
bonding orbitals bonding orbitals
than-11
bond order in
electrons
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