Q1. Differentiate leadership and management. Discuss levels of leadership in detail.
Ans: Leadership and management are distinct concepts.
Initiative:
- Rouses and impacts others to accomplish a common vision
- Centers around setting heading, adjusting individuals, and persuading them
- Accentuates development, change, and development
- Implies risk-taking and navigation
- Assembles trust and connections
The executives:
- Designs, coordinates, and controls assets to accomplish objectives
- Centers around productivity, viability, and strength
- Underlines cycles, systems, and critical thinking
- Includes planning and designating undertakings
- Screens and adjusts execution
Levels of Initiative:
1. Vital Initiative:
- Sets hierarchical vision and heading
- Goes with long haul choices
- Adjusts assets to objectives
2. Strategic Initiative:
- Executes plans and methodologies
- Administers tasks and ventures
- Tackles issues and adapts
3. Functional Initiative:
- Centers around everyday exercises
- Oversees groups and undertakings
- Guarantees proficiency and viability
, 4. Group Initiative:
- Leads explicit groups or divisions
- Creates and propels colleagues
- Assembles joint effort and trust
5. Individual Initiative:
- Drives oneself
- Creates individual abilities and information
- Exhibits mindfulness and self-administration
Q2. Give a comprehensive review of educational leadership in Pakistan with respect to pre
and post-independence.
Ans: Educational leadership in Pakistan has a complex history, both pre and post-independence. Here's a
comprehensive review.
Pre-Freedom (English Pilgrim Rule):
Schooling system was intended to serve the interests of English provincial rule.
Master Macaulay's report (1835) stressed the requirement for Western-style training.
The Sanction Act (1833) and ensuing instructive demonstrations formed the schooling system.
Muslim training was generally dismissed, with an emphasis on Western-style schooling for the
first class.
The Old English Oriental School gave advanced education on the English example.
Post-Freedom (1947-1960s):
Pakistan acquired freedom, and a board of trustees of educationists was designated to think on the
idea of schooling.
The Service of Instruction coordinated gatherings, and a six-year instructive strategy was created
(1952-1958).
The Public Commission on Training was laid out in 1959.
Islamic philosophy turned into a focal concentration, with the subject of Islamic Investigations
made mandatory up to registration.
1970s-1980s:
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's administration presented another training strategy, expecting to coordinate
different ethnic gatherings into Pakistani patriotism.
Urdu was made the vehicle of guidance and the authority language.
Reading material were modified to line up with Islamic belief system.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller mohsinkhan2. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
