Topic 1 - Cold War - Establishment of communism C,
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Summary Topic 1 part 3 Cold War ieb - China
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Topic 1 - Cold War - Establishment of communism C,
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11th Grade
Chinas rise to communism and the principles of Maoism, the differences between communism in China and the USSR, China’s relationship with the USSR and the Sino-soviet split, China’s relationship with the USA
Topic 1 - Cold War - Establishment of communism C,
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, CHINA
Used to be an imperial dynasty → then nationalist and then communist
After wwll :
China= state of political disunity and weakness, no central
government to maintain control.
After 1949 :
Second major country to become communist
• China emerged as a major world power, strongly influenced the Cold War
• USSR welcomed peoples republic of China, Treaty of friendship signed (50)
• USA saw it as soviet plot to spread communism
• China later broke with USSR and became its own powerful state
1911 -
1949
• A series of political upheaval from 1911 - 1949 led to the establishment of the PRC and communist party rule
• 1912 -→ nationalist revolt overthrew the Manchu dynasty under the leadership of Chiang Kai Shek and Sun Ya
Sen
• Sun Yat Sen = first president of PRC from Jan 1912 - March 1912
• Chiang Kai Shek = president from 1925 - 1949
• thought this time nationalists were increasingly challenged by the growing communist movement
• 1921 - Chinese communist party established
• Chinese civil war since 1920's, stopped during war ll in order to fight Japan who had invaded China, continued
after (nationalist vs communists)
• nationalists led by Chiang Kai Shek = corrupt and out of touch with the needs of people.
• 1934 - 1935 - The Long March to the northwest by the communists to escape harassment by the Nationalists
• March resulted in the emergence of Mao Zedong
• 1949 the communists led by the red army defeated the nationalists
• Mao established the PRC
• Nationalists fled to Taiwan, set up a separate government, Nationalist China
• the west did not recognise the PRC, supported Nationalist China until 1979
Once PRC was in power :
totalitarian
• Revolutionary changes were introduced /
• China became a one party state with Mao elected as chairman of the PRC
• Karl Marx stated a socialist revolution would involve the industrial working class in a struggle against the capi
middle class
• Mao believed that the peasants would lead a communist rising and transformation would be based in the rural a
instead of the urban-areas (majority of people in China were poor peasants)
Features of Marism :
• Promotion of ongoing revolutionary activity until a classless society is achieved.
• transformation of society focusing on rural development and small-scale industry among the peasants.
• promotion of the value of manual labour over mental labour
• need for communism in such a vast, poor country with manual labour as its main strength
• the need to develop a collective identity and stamp out a ny sense of individual identity.
Period of 1956-1957 (Marked by upheaval in Chinese society
.
3 phases
Phase 1 : The Hundred Flowers 1956-1957 :
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