PLB 109 Revised Exam Questions And Solutions
Analyze procedural errors that lead to failure to obtain blood - answers
Arrange the different levels of test status request onto the most logical order for venipuncture
- answersSTAT( 1st): Draw immediately before any other test, Test result...
PLB 109 Revised Exam Questions And
Solutions
Analyze procedural errors that lead to failure to obtain blood - answers✔✔
Arrange the different levels of test status request onto the most logical order for venipuncture
- answers✔✔STAT( 1st): Draw immediately before any other test, Test results urgently
needed on critical patient. Timed( 2nd if near time): Draw at a specific time. Timing is
critical for accurate patients. ASPA (2nd or 3rd): As soon as possible, patient is in serious but
not critical condition, pre-op/ Post-op. Fasting (4th):Patient has not eaten recently. Routine
(Last) Used to establish a diagnosis or monitor a patient progress. Collect in a timely manner,
but no urgency.
Define and identify the purpose of OSHA - answers✔✔Occupational safety and health
administration. Mandates and enforce safe working condition for employees. Bloodborne
pathogens standard: ptotects employees from accidental exposure to bloodborne pathogen
Define anticoagulant - answers✔✔Oxalate. Use to treat or prevent Blood clot
Define buffy coat - answers✔✔Middle thick layer: WBCS and platelets.
Define edema and describe an edematous arm. - answers✔✔Edema- Swelling, increased
fluid in tissue, difficult to palpate, specimen contaminated with fluid, specimen: specimen
may cause erroneous results.
Define hemostasis and identify additional names for the process - answers✔✔Process by
which the body stops the leakage of blood from the vascular system after injury. It is also
called coagulation process or the clotting process
Define informed consent and provide an example - answers✔✔Patient must consent to the
venipuncture. Part of informed consent is telling patient you are a student
Define plasma, describe how plasma is obtained, and identify tubes used to obtain plasma -
answers✔✔Plasma is fluid from whole blood specimen. Whole blood must be separated to
get plasma. Green , Lavender, light blue and gray.
Define serum, describe how serum is obtained, and identify tubes used to obtain serum -
answers✔✔Serum is the liquid portion of a clotted specimen. To obtain serum: Use clot tubes
-Red stopper. Use serum separator tube (SST)
Define Standard Precautions and describe when to use Standard Precautions -
answers✔✔Standard precaution : treat every fluid as potentially infectious, hand hygiene,
gloves.
Define the term iatrogenic anemia and explain how to prevent it - answers✔✔Removal of
blood on a regular basis for testing: causes anemia. Facilities should have a mechanism to
monitor the volume of blood: pediatric patients and Critically ill patients. Limits to 1-5% of
patient blood volume within 24 hours: blood volume children 75-80 ml/kg
Define what is a fasting specimen - answers✔✔When a patient hasn't eaten anything for 12
hours to get their blood drawn
Demonstrate and discuss the proper technique for tying a tourniquet - answers✔✔Position the
tourniquet around the arm. Each hand should grasp one side of the tourniquet, several inches
from the end. Apply small amount of tension around by stretching the tourniquet around the
arm. Maintain tension and bring the two side of tourniquet together. Grasp the tourniquet
between the thumb and index finger of the right hand near the patient's arm.While securely
grasping the tourniquet, tuck a portion of the left side under the right side into a loop.The
ends of the tied tourniquet should point toward the shoulder
Describe how much blood should be discarded when drawing blood through an indwelling
vascular device - answers✔✔5ml
Describe how to handle a patient refusing a venipuncture - answers✔✔Note if patient refuses
and notify nurse or doctor. Patient must consent to venipuncture
Describe how to palpate veins and what veins feel like. - answers✔✔Palpate: press and
release site several times. Vein has a bounce and resilience when palpating with index finger
Describe how to respond to patient inquiries about testing - answers✔✔Never attempt to
explain the purpose
Describe the 4 main steps in hemostasis - answers✔✔1.) vasoconstriction: of blood and
vessel occurs. 2.) platelets clumping together: and stick to portion of vessels, called platelet
plus, stop venipuncture site from bleeding. 3.) coagulation/ clotting: clotting factors help
form a fibrin meshwork. Platelet plug become a stable blood clot. 4.) Fibrinolysis: Fibrin
clot/scab disappears when injury is completely healed
Describe the components of the ETS system, how each component is used, and the purpose
of each of the components - answers✔✔
Describe the composition of whole blood - answers✔✔Blood in the same form as found in
the body. Made up of formed elements suspended in plasma
Describe the different parts of a needle - answers✔✔Bevel: Tip of needle, Cut several time at
a slant. Shaft: Most 1 in to 1 1/2 in, 1/2 to 3/4 for butterfly needle. Hub: attaches to blood
collection device
Describe the formed elements composing blood including the purpose of each and alternate
names for each - answers✔✔Red blood cells: Also known as erythrocytes, Most numerous-
carry O2 from lungs to cells. White blood cells: also called leukocytes, Fights infections.
Platelets: Also called thrombocytes, important in coagulation.
Describe the purpose of anchoring a vein during venipuncture and explain how to anchor a
vein. - answers✔✔To keep the vein from rolling by pulling the skin 1-2 below site taunt with
your thumb. Anchor in with the vein not to the side.
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