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BIO 181 NAU- Exam 1 Questions and Correct Verified Answers

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Matter Anything that occupies space and has a mass Three Physical States of Matter Solid, liquid, gas Element Substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions Four elements that make up about 96% of the weight and most cells: Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, ni...

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  • November 15, 2024
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BIO 181 NAU- Exam 1 Questions and
Correct Verified Answers
Matter


✓ Anything that occupies space and has a mass




Three Physical States of Matter


✓ Solid, liquid, gas




Element


✓ Substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical
reactions




Four elements that make up about 96% of the weight and most cells:


✓ Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen




Atoms


✓ The smallest functional units of matter that form ALL chemical substances




Three subatomic particles




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✓ Protons, Neutrons, Electrons




Protons


✓ Positive charge, found in nucleus. Number of protons is what distinguishes one
element from another




Atomic number


✓ How many protons are in an element




Mass number


✓ sum of the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus




Isotopes


✓ Forms of an element with different numbers of neutrons than protons. Ex;
Carbon 12 = 6 protons and 7 neutrons.




Gaining vs. Losing electrons


✓ N+1 = Losing electron

✓ N-1 = Gaining electron

✓ Electrons = electronegative




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Octet rule


✓ Atoms are most stable when their outer shell is full. The outer shell has to be
filled with 8 electrons EXCEPT Hydrogen and Helium with just 2 electrons.




Valence Electrons


✓ Electrons more likely to form bonds, taken away, or shared with other atoms.
Electrons in the outer shell




Compounds


✓ Putting two elements together




Two types of chemical bonds


✓ Ionic and covalent




Ionic Bonds


✓ ELECTRON SWAP- formed between oppositely charged ions. Ex; NaCl




Ions (2 types)




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