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PSYC 1004 FINAL EXAM REVIEW
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PSYC 1004 FINAL EXAM REVIEW
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PSYC 1004 FINAL EXAM REVIEWcognitive dissonance - Answers- tension or discomfort when an individual's attitudes
and beliefs are not aligned or consistent
self-serving bias - Answers- the tendency to perceive oneself favorably; good things
happen because of me and bad things happen because of other things
reciprocity - Answers- a feeling of obligation arising from the notion that we are in debt
to someone when they do us a favor
door in the face - Answers- making a large, often irrational request in order to make the
smaller request that follows seem much more reasonable
foot in the door - Answers- obtaining a small commitment in order to achieve a larger
request later
ingratiation - Answers- a conscious effort to get others to like us; we like to be liked and
we actively care for the people that we like
consistency - Answers- the pressure we feel to behave in ways that are in concert with
our attitudes and beliefs, or to behave in ways we know others expect us to behave
conformity - Answers- following the norm; we follow those who are similar and credible
and we model most in unfamiliar situations
social proof - Answers- a tendency to conform to what we believe respected others
think and do
scarcity - Answers- we react to protect our individuality; if you make my choice seem
scarce or challenged, I will react; "limited time only"
novelty - Answers- we habituate to the routine, we are attentive and attracted to the
unique
altruism - Answers- complete selflessness; helping others without expecting a reward
or personal gain
bystander effect - Answers- the more people that are in a situation, a diffusion of
responsibility occurs and no one acts due to the belief that others will
self efficacy- I know what to do and can do it
personal control- I am in control
self esteem-I care about myself
, belongingness-I care about my team
optimism- I expect the best - Answers- 5 person states that lead to altruism
fundamental attribution error - Answers- attributing a person's behavior to what we
assume to be his/her personality or character, nature, and personality traits rather than
factors outside of that individual
peripheral route of attitude change - Answers- route of attitude change that attempts to
intervene on beliefs that are not very strong and generally refers to attitudes we hold
habitually
central route of attitude change - Answers- route of attitude change that attempts to
intervene on core beliefs
discriminating - Answers- identifying differences; in purity, is not bad
stereotype - Answers- assumptions that members of a particular group share certain
characteristics or behaviors
prejudice - Answers- negative attitudes resulting from stereotypes
social facilitation/inhibition - Answers- others working/watching you will either facilitate
or inhibit performance
social loafing - Answers- people exerting less effort to achieve a goal when they work in
a group rather than working alone; depends on the ability of the supervisor to measure
individual contribution to the team
descriptive norms - Answers- norms that are the status quo; there is no real value in
conforming to them; you do these things because others are doing them
injunctive norms - Answers- norms that specify the socially acceptable thing to do and
are the right things to do
authority - Answers- we follow authority and those with credibility blindly and mindlessly
Milgram shock study - Answers- study in which participants would admit electrical
shocks to another person in another room to show that people will blindly follow
authority, even when the mandate runs counter to good judgement and social
responsibility
Stanford prison study- Philip Lombardo - Answers- study in which prison guards
(volunteers) became authoritative after assigned their power roles
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