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NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam Questions and Answers
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NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam Questions and Answers
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NURS 5315 Advanced PathophysiologyExam Questions and Answers
Ovarian iicancer iisite iiof iimetastasis? ii- iiAnswers ii-Peritoneal iisurfaces, iiomentum ii(fold
iiof iiperitoneum iiconnecting iithe iistomach iiwith iiother iiabdominal iiorgans), ii*liver*
The iiincreased iiNADH/NAD+ iiratio iiin iithe iiliver iifrom iiethanol iicauses: ii- iiAnswers ii-1.
iiPyruvate ii--> iilactic iiacid, iicausing iilactic iiacidosis
2. iiOxaloacetate ii--> iimalate. iiThis iiprevents iigluconeogenesis iiand iileads iito
iihypoglycemia
3. iiGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ii--> iiglycerol ii3- iiphosphate iiand iicombines iiwith iifatty
iiacids iito iiform iitriglycerides iiin iithe iiliver, iiknown iias iihepatosteatosis
4. iiDecreases iicitric iiacid iicycle iiproduction iiof iiNADH iiand iileads iito iiusing iiAcetyl-CoA
iifor iiketogenesis iiand iilipogenesis
What iican iiReactive iiOxygen iiSpecies iicause? ii- iiAnswers ii-Heart iidisease, iiAlzheimers,
iiParkinsons, iiAmyotrophic iiLateral iiSclerosis ii(ALS), iiCV iidisease, iiHTN, iiHLD, iiDM,
iiischemic iiheart iidisease, iiHF, iiOSA. iiLipid iiperioxidation, iidamage iiproteins, iifragment
iiDNA, iiless ii*protein iisynthesis*, iichromatin iidestruction, iidamage iimitochondria
What iiis iithe iibody's iidefense iiagainst iiROS? ii- iiAnswers ii-Antioxidants ii(Vitamin iiE,
iiVitamin iiC, iicysteine, iiglutathione, iialbumin, iiceruloplasmin, iitransferrin)
How iiare iifree iiradicals iiproduced? ii- iiAnswers ii-1. iiNormal iicellular iirespiration
2. iiAbsorption iiof iiextreme iienergy iisources ii(radiation, iiUV iilight)
3. iiMetabolism iiof iiexogenous iichemicals, iidrugs, iiand iipesticides
4. iiTransition iiof iimetals
5. iiNitric iioxide iiacting iilike iia iichemical iimediator iiand iia iifree iiradical
action iipotential ii- iiAnswers ii-Process iiof iiconducting iian iiimpulse. iiActivates iithe iineuron
ii--> iithe iineuron iidepolarizes ii--> iithen iirepolarizes
Threshold iipotential ii- iiAnswers ii-Point iiat iiwhich iidepolarization iimust iireach iiin iiorder
iito iiinitiate iian iiaction iipotential
Hypokalemia iiand iiaction iipotentials ii- iiAnswers ii-HYPERpolarized ii(more iinegative, iiex.
ii-100). iiLess iiexcitable. iiDecreased iineuromuscular iiexcitability: iiweakness, iismooth
iimuscle iiatony, iiparesthesia, iicardiac iidysrhythmias
Hyperkalemia iiand iiaction iipotentials ii- iiAnswers ii-HYPOpolarized ii(more iipositive, iiex:
iicloser iito ii0). iiMore iiexcitable. iiPeaked iiT iiwaves. ii
, When iiresting iimembrane iipotential=threshold iipotential, iiit iiis iiBAD ii= iicardiac iistandstill,
iiparesthesia, iiparalysis
Hypocalcemia iiand iiaction iipotentials ii- iiAnswers ii-Increased iipermeability iito iiNa+.
iiMore iiexcitable. iiTetany, iihyperreflexia, iicircumoral iiparesthesia, iiseizures,
iidysrhythmias.
Hypercalcemia iiand iiaction iipotentials ii- iiAnswers ii-Decreased iipermeability iito iiNa+.
iiLess iiexcitable. iiWeakness, iihyporeflexia, iifatigue, iilethargy, iiconfusion,
iiencephalopathy, iidepressed iiT iiwaves
Atrophy ii- iiAnswers ii-Occurs iias iia iiresult iiof iidecrease iiin iiwork iiload, iipressure, iiuse,
iiblood iisupply, iinutrition, iihormonal iistimulation, iior iinervous iistimulation. iiOnce iithe iicell
iihas iidecreased iiin iisize, iiit iihas iinow iicompensated iifor iidecreased iiblood iisupply,
iinerve iisupply, iinutrient iisupply, iihormonal iisupply, iiand iihas iiachieved iinew
iihomeostasis. iiCells iiare iialive iibut iihave iidiminished iifunction iiand iimay iilead iito iicellular
iideath.
Atrophy iiexamples ii- iiAnswers ii-Physiologic iiatrophy- iishrinking iiof iithe iithymus iigland
iiduring iichildhood.
Disuse iiatrophy- iisomeone iithat iiends iiup iibeing iiparalyzed
Hypertrophy ii- iiAnswers ii-Increase iiin iiSIZE iiof iicells, iiwhich iiwill iilead iito iiincrease iiin
iisize iiof iiorgan. iiCaused iiby iihormonal iistimulation iior iiincreased iifunctional iidemand.
Hypertrophy iiexamples ii- iiAnswers ii-physiologic iihypertrophy- iiskeletal iihypertrophy
iiwhen iia iiperson iidoes iiheavy iiwork iior iiweight iilifting ii/ iiwhen iia iikidney iiis iisurgically
iiremoved, iithe iiother iikidney iiincreases iiin iisize
pathologic iihypertrophy- iicardiomegaly iiresults iifrom iian iiincreased iiworkload iiin
iihypertensive iipatients ii/ ii*left iiventricular iihypertrophy*
Hyperplasia ii- iiAnswers ii-Increase iiin iiNUMBER iiof iicells. iiResults iifrom iiincreased iirate
iiof iimitosis. iiCan iiONLY iihappen iiin iicells iithat iiare iicapable iiof iimitosis ii(cell iidivision).
Hyperplasia iiexamples ii- iiAnswers ii-1. iiThickening iiof iiskin iibecause iiof iihyperplasia iiof
iiepidermal iicells.
2. iiHormonal iihyperplasia- iioccurs iiin iiestrogen iidependent iiorgans iilike iiuterus iiand
iibreast.
3. iiCompensatory iihyperplasia- iiliver iiregenerates, iicallus iion iiskin
4. iiPathologic iihyperplasia- iiestrogen iiis iiunopposed iiby iiprogesterone iiand iithe
iiendometrial iilining iiundergoes iihyperplasia iiand iiincreased iirisk iifor iiendometrial iicancer
Dysplasia ii- iiAnswers ii-abnormal iichanges iiin iithe iisize, iishape, iiand iiorganization iiof
iimature iicells iidue iito iipersistent, iisevere iicell iiinjury iior iiirritation
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