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NURS 5315 Test 5 (Module 10) Questions and Answers
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NURS 5315 Test 5 (Module 10) Questions and Answers
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NURS 5315 Test 5 (Module 10) Questionsand Answers
Nephron iistructure ii- iiAnswers ii-- iiGlomerulus- iicollection iiof iicapillaries iiand iiis
iiresponsible iifor iifiltering iiblood, iireabsorbs iiamino iiacids, iibicarb, iisodium, iichloride,
iiphosphate, iipotassium, iiwater
- iiProximal iitubule- iican iiexcrete iiphosphate, iisite iiof iiaction iifor iiangiotensin iiII iiwhich
iistimulates iisodium, iiwater iiand iibicarb iireabsorption.
- iiDescending iiloop iiof iiHenle- iipassively iireabsorbs iiwater, iiconcentrates iiurine.
- iiAscending iiloop iiof iiHenle- iiactively iireabsorbs iisodium, iipotassium, iichloride, iiinduces
iireabsorption iiof iimagnesium iiand iicalcium, iiimpermeable iito iiwater, iitherefore, iimakes
iiwater iimore iidilute.
Distal iiconvoluted iitubule- iiactively iireabsorbs iisodium, iipermeable iito iiwater, iicauses
iiurine iito iibe iimore iidilute. iiSite iiof iiaction iifor iiADH iihormone iiand iialdosterone
Renal iiblood iivessels ii- iiAnswers ii-Autoregulation- iiautoregulation iiaffects iiamount iiof
iiblood iiflow iito iikidneys iiand iialso iirate iiof iifiltration. iiDecrease iiin iiarterial iiblood
iipressure iiand iidecrease iiin iiarterial iiblood iivolume iicauses iia iidecrease iiin iirenal
iiperfusion. iiDecreased iiperfusion iicauses iireduced iiGFR, iiand iidecrease iiin iifluid iiand
iisodium iiin iidistal iitubule. iiThis iidecrease iiis iisenses iiby iiJGA iiwhich iisends iisignals iito
iirelax iiblood iivessels iiin iiorder iito iihelp iibring iiblood iito iiglomeruli, iiJGA iireleases iirenin
iiwhich iiconverts iiangiotenison iito iiangio iiI, iithis iipasses iithrough iilungs iiand iistimulates
iirelease iiof iiangiotensin iiconverting iienzyme. iiACE iiconverts iiangio iiI iito iiangio iiII, iiwhich
iistimulates iivasoconstriction iito iihelp iiincrease iiglomerular iiback iipressure iiand iiincrease
iiGFR. iiAngio iiII iialso iiresponsible iifor iistimulating iirelease iiof iialdosterone. iiThis iiresults
iiin iiadditional iireabsorption iiof iiwater, iiincreased iiBP iiand iiincreased iiGF iirate.
aging iieffect iion iikidneys ii- iiAnswers ii-Reach iiadult iisize iiby iiadolescence
Hypertrophy iiwith iiolder iiage, iireduced iiability iito iiexcrete iiurine, iikyperkalemia iifrom
iireduced iiexcretion, iimore iiglucose iiexcreted iibecause iiof iidecreased iireabsorption ii(not
iinecessarily iiindicator iiof iidiabetes), iidrugs iinot iiclearing iias iieasily, iiharder iito iiactivate
iivitamin iid, iiwhich iiaffects iicalcium iiabsorption.
GFR- iiincreased iidirectly iiafter iibirth, iireaches iiadult iilevels iiby iiage ii2, iimore iidilute
iiurine iiup iito ii6mo iiof iiage, iirenal iiblood iiflow iiand iiGFR iidecrease iiwith iiolder iiage ii(d/t
iiatherosclerosis)
Nephron- iidecrease iiin iinumber iiand iisize iiwith iiage ii(atherosclerosis), iinumber iiof
iinephrons iiat iiage ii75 iidecreased iiby ii30%.
, Tubular iisystem- iiimmature iiin iiinfants ii(harder iito iiexcrete iipotassium, iireabsorb iibicarb,
iibuffer iihydrogen), iimatures iiby iiage ii2. iiTubular iiatrophy iiis iicommon iiwith iiage.
Bladder- iidescends iiinto iipelvis iiafter iibirth, iimay iinot iivoid iifor ii12-24 iihours iifollowing
iibirth. iiFrequency iiand iinocturia iiare iicommon iiwith iiage.
Renal iiinjury ii- iiAnswers ii-Focal- iilocalized, ii<50% iiof iiglomeruli iiaffected
Diffuse- ii>50% iiof iiglomeruli iiaffected ii*most iicommon*
Primary iiglomerular iidisease- iicause iiis iidirectly iirelated iito iithe iikidney ii- iiinfection,
iiischemia, iifree iiradicals, iidrugs, iitoxins, iivascular iidisorders
Secondary iiglomerular iidisease- iiinjury iicaused iiby iimechanism iioutside iithe iikidney
ii(lupus, iidiabetes), iitypically iias iiconsequence iiof iisystem iidisease iilike iiHF, iiSLE, iiHTN.
Patterns iiof iikidney iiinjury ii- iiAnswers ii-Hypercellularity- iiincreased iinumber iiof iicells iiin
iiglomerulus, iiusually iifollows iiimmune iior iiinflammatory iiprocess
Basement iimembrane iithickening- iiwalls iiof iiglomerulus iiare iithickening
Hyalinosis- iiaccumulation iiof iihomogenous iiand iieosinophilic iicells iiin iithe iiglomerular
iicapillaries, iiusuallys iiare iia iiresult iiof iicapillary iiwall iiinjury. iiCommon iiin iifocal
iisegmental iiglomerular iisclerosis.
Sclerosis- iicollection iiof iiextracellular iimatrix, iihappens iiin iidiabetes
Nephrolithiasis ii- iiAnswers ii-Kidney iistones iifrom iithe iiurine iibeing iiover iisaturated iiwith
iiparticular iiions
The iiopposite iicharged iiions iibond iiand iiform iisalts/crystals. iiIf iicomplete iiobstruction-
iihydronephrosis iiand iirenal iifailure.
5mm iior iiless iimay iipass, ii1cm iior iilarger iiwill iinot iipass. ii
Risks- ii<50, iimen, iicaucasian, iigout, iidehydratino, iihigh iiprotein iidiet ii(increased iipurine
iiintake), iihigh iisodium iidiet ii(d/t iiincreased iicalcium iisecretion), iiHTN
Causes- iicalcium iiare iimost iicommon ii(hypercaliuria iior iihyperparathyroidism iifrom
iiincrease iiin iiosteoclast iiactivity), iistruvite ii(chronic iiUTIs), iiuric iiacid ii(excess iipurine
iiintake iiand iigout), iicystine ii(less iicommon iiand iiusually iioccur iiin iikids)
S/S- iiflank iipain iithat iiradiates iito iigroin, iianuria iiif iiobstruction, iihematuria
Complications- iirenal iiinjury iiand iifailure
Acute iiKidney iiInjury ii- iiAnswers ii-Sudden iidecline iiin iikidney iifunction iiwith iia iidecrease
iiin iiGFR iiand iiaccumulation iiof iinitrogenous iiwaste iiproducts iiin iithe iiblood
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