Respondents - ANS are the people who answer questions during a survey
Survey - ANS presents a way of describing public opinion by collecting primary data through communicating directly with individual sampling units
Sample survey - ANS is a more formal term for a surve...
Respondents - ANS are the people who answer questions during a survey
Survey - ANS presents a way of describing public opinion by collecting primary data
through communicating directly with individual sampling units
Sample survey - ANS is a more formal term for a survey emphasizing that respondents'
opinions presumably represents a sample of the larger target population's opinion
Advantages of survey research: - ANS quick, inexpensive, efficient, accurate, statistical
tools easiy used, flexible
Disadvantages of survey research: - ANS dependent on quality of the sample, dependent
on answers obtained, can have errors which cause misleading results
Random sampling error - ANS a statistical fluctuation that occurs because of change
variation in the elements selected for the sample
Source of error: sampling - ANS refers to inadequacies of the actual respondents to
represent the population of interest
Source of error: systematic error - ANS error resulting from some imperfect aspect of the
research design
Source of error: population parameter - ANS refers to some true value of a phenomenon
within a population
Source of error: sample bias - ANS a persistent tendency for the results of a sample to
deviate in one direction from the true value of the population parameter
Respondent error - ANS is a category of sample bias resulting from some respondent
action or inaction
Nonresponse error bias - ANS the statistical difference between a survey that includes
those who responded and those who failed to respond
, Nonrespondents - ANS sample members who refuse or who cannot respond
No contacts - ANS potential respondents who do not receive the request to participate in
the research
Refusals - ANS people who are unwilling to participate
Self-selection bias - ANS people who feel strongly about a subject are more likely respond
Median split test - ANS statistical test that attempts to determine whether nonresponse bias
is an issue in a study
Response bias - ANS occurs when respondents either consciously or unconsciously
answer questions with a certain slant that misrepresents the truth
Deliberate falsification - ANS a response bias that occurs when people misrepresent
answers
Unconscious misrepresentation - ANS confusion from the question format, the question
content, or some other stimulus
Acquiescence bias - ANS tendency for a respondent to try to agree with the viewpoint of a
survey
Extremity bias - ANS some individuals tend to use extremes when responding to questions
Interviewer bias - ANS the presence of the interview influences respondents' answers
Auspices bias - ANS bias in the responses of subjects caused by the respondents being
influenced by the organization conducting the study
Social desirability bias - ANS bias in responses caused by respondents
desire, either conscious or unconscious, to gain prestige or appear in a different social role
Administration error - ANS is an error caused by the improper execution of the research
task
data processing error - ANS data are improperly edited, coded, or entered into a computer
Sample selection error - ANS improper sample design or sampling procedure execution
Interviewer error - ANS answers recorded incorrectly
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