1. I jsay jthat ja jwhite-crowned jsparrow jsings ja jdistinctive jdialect jbecause jits jgenes
jinfluenced jhow jits jsong jsystem jwas jassembled, jwhich jin jturn jmade jdialect jlearning
jpossible. jYou jsay jthat jit jsings jthe jsong jbecause jof jthe joperation jof jthe jrobust
jnucleus jof jthe jarcopallium, jwhich jsends jsignals jto jthe jbird’s jvocal jcontrol
japparatus, jthe jsyrinx. jWho jis jcorrect?
a. I jam jwrong jbecause jlearning jis jenvironmentally jdetermined, jnot jdetermined jby
jthe jbird’s jgenes.
b. You jare jwrong jbecause jthe jbird’s jvocal japparatus jis jcalled jthe jlarynx, jnot jthe jsyrinx.
c. We jboth jmay jbe jright jbecause jour jtwo jhypotheses joffer jtwo jdifferent
jproximate jlevels jof janalysis jof jdialect jsinging.
d. We jboth jmay jbe jright jbecause jour jtwo jhypotheses joffer jtwo jcomplementary jlevels
jof janalysis, jone jproximate jand jthe jother jultimate.
Answer: jc
2. Research jresults jshowed jthat jin jzebra jfinches, jthe jsonograms jof jthe jsongs jof ja
jfather jand jhis jsons jreveal ja jclose jmatch junless ja json jhas jbeen jdeafened jearly jin jlife.
jSomeone jsays jthat jthe jcausal jquestion junderlying jthis jresearch jwas j“Do jzebra jfinches
jacquire jtheir jsong jby jlearning?” jThis jstatement jis j because j .
a. incorrect; jthe jwork jwas jreally jdone jto jestablish jthat jthe jsongs jwere jinstinctive
b. incorrect; jthe jquestion jis jactually ja jhypothesis, jnot ja jcausal jquestion
c. correct; jzebra jfinches jdo jlearn jtheir jsongs, jas jclearly jshown jby jthe jsonograms
d. correct; jby jlearning jtheir jsongs jfrom jtheir jfathers, jmales jare jlikely jto jsing ja
jsong jattractive jto jfemales
Answer: jb
3. White-crowned jsparrows jevolved jfrom jan jancestral jspecies jthat jpossessed jthe
jcapacity jfor jsong jlearning. jThis jis jan jexample jof
a. a jdevelopmental jexplanation.
b. a jphysiological jexplanation.
c. an jadaptive jvalue jexplanation.
d. an jexplanation jrelating jto jevolutionary jhistory.
Answer: jd
4. It jis jdifficult jfor ja jsparrow jto jlearn ja jdialect, jwhich jenables jfemales jto jmate jwith
jonly jthose jmales jwith jgood jdialects jso jas jto jincrease jthe jsong jcompetence jof jtheir
This jis jan jexample jof
a. a jdevelopmental jexplanation.
b. a jphysiological jexplanation.
c. an jadaptive jvalue jexplanation.
d. an jexplanation jrelating jto jevolutionary jhistory.
Answer: jc
5. Males jin jdifferent jpopulations jhave jdifferent jforms jof jcertain jgenes jthat jinfluence
jthe jdevelopment jof jthe jsong jsystem. jThis jis jan jexample jof
a. a jdevelopmental jexplanation.
b. a jphysiological jexplanation.
c. an jadaptive jvalue jexplanation.
d. an jexplanation jrelating jto jevolutionary jhistory.
Answer: ja
6. The jability jto jsing jthe jlocal jdialect jenables ja jbird jto jcommunicate jmore
jeffectively jwith jneighboring jmales. jThis jis jan jexample jof
a. a jdevelopmental jexplanation.
b. a jphysiological jexplanation.
c. an jadaptive jvalue jexplanation.
d. an jexplanation jrelating jto jevolutionary jhistory.
Answer: jc
7. Males jin jdifferent jpopulations jare jexposed jto jdifferent jsongs, jan jexperience
jthat jinfluences jthe jkind jof jsong jthat jthe jbirds jlearn. jThis jis jan jexample jof
a. a jdevelopmental jexplanation.
b. a jphysiological jexplanation.
c. an jadaptive jvalue jexplanation.
d. an jexplanation jrelating jto jevolutionary jhistory.
Answer: ja
8. The jdifferences jamong jdialects jare jenvironmentally jdetermined, jnot
jgenetically jcontrolled. jThis jis jan jexample jof
a. a jdevelopmental jexplanation.
b. a jphysiological jexplanation.
c. an jadaptive jvalue jexplanation.
d. an jexplanation jrelating jto jevolutionary jhistory.
Answer: ja
9. Males jin jdifferent jpopulations jhave jsong jsystems jin jtheir jbrains jthat joperate
jslightly jdifferently. jThis jis jan jexample jof
a. a jdevelopmental jexplanation.
b. a jphysiological jexplanation.
c. an jadaptive jvalue jexplanation.
d. an jexplanation jrelating jto jevolutionary jhistory.
Answer: jb
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