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Police Community Relation Exam 2 Questions and Answers
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Police Community Relation Exam 2 Questions and Answers
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Police Community Relation Exam 2Questions and Answers
What is Police Discretion? Why is Important? - Answers -police discretion is the
decision making power afforded to police officers allowing them to decided if they want
to purse police procedure or simply let someone off with a warning (the law dictionary)
Impact of police officers' decision - Answers -
2 part of decision making - Answers -1: whether to intervene and if one has decided to
intervene.
2: how best to intervene
Classic studies - Answers -Jerome Skolnick's Justice without Trial
decision on what to do with suspects can be made without trial at all
Skolnick's "symbolic assailant" - Answers -a person a police officer thinks is potentially
dangerous
3 policing styles - Answers -Watchman: main concern is achieving "order maintenance"
through control of illegal and disruptive behavior. using discretions liberally. informal
police intervention (e.g.persuasion, threats, roughing up, etc)
Legalistic: enforce the letter of the law, Laissez Faire policing: avoid community
disputes arising from violations of social norms that do not break the law
Service: officers see themselves as helpers. Cooperation with other agencies such as
social service (e.g. counseling) for crime prevention.
Broken Windows Policing - Answers -Based on Zimbargo's experiment (1969) Wilson &
Kelling(1982) Focusing on low level & quality of life offense. prevention of more serious
crime
Muir's 2 dimension of police ethical development
4 types of Police Officer - Answers -professionals, Enforcers, Reciprocators, and
Avoiders
The Universalistic and the Particularistic of Police behavior - Answers -sociological
demographic standpoint. the typical police officer is a white male: women and minorities
are not well-represented: female officers are socialized to adapt to male-dominate work
environment
psychological: does policing attract a particular personality type, much more accepted is
the view that socialization is more influential
, Organizational: the quasi-military structure. chain of command and rules of dress
Particularistic of police behavior:
1: Role Orientation: what constitutes proper and good police work, narrow vs. wide( Ie.
Crime fighting vs order maintenance and service)
2. perception of legal restrictions: police officers are bound by various legal
requirements, and officers perception may be indicative of his/her ideological stance
3: perceptions of citizen support & respect: effect of assignment & location of work
4: perception of other legal institutions: views on what other criminal justice agents may
do will influence a police officers decision making
5: view on selective enforcement: willingness to enforce the law
implicit bias - Answers -the attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding,
actions, and decisions in an unconscious manners.
These Biases which encompass both favorable & unfavorable assents, are activated
involuntarily and without an individual awareness or intentional control
influence that impact police decision making (neighborhood & situational factors) -
Answers -Neighborhood Factors: police officers who patrol affluent communicates vs
poor communities. different policing strategies used depending on the problems faced
by neighborhoods. police tend to make more arrests in poorer communities
Situational Factors: offenses seriousness. probable cause is more likely to be present in
cases of serious crime. location & bystanders: when they are in plain view and watched
by people, officers are more likely to follow proper policy to avoid complaints & ligations
2 types of patrol and patrol techniques (pro and cons) - Answers -Preventative:
examining neighborhoods in an effort to discourage people from committing crime.
Deterrence Theory
Directed: concentrating the police presence in areas where certain crimes are a
significant problem: hot spots & hot times
Techniques:
Stripmall, shopping districts, tourist destination, etc
limit officers ability to give chases if they need dries
the act of driving can be distraction
expensive (equipment as well as maintenance)
the Kanas City Experiment and suggested explanations for the result - Answers -
Experiment (1972-1973) proactive beats 2-3 times the normal level of patrol
reactive beats: no patrol, only responses to call for service
control beats patrol levels same as normal impact on crimes suppressible by patrol.
burglaries, auto that, larcenies involving auto accessories, robberies & vandalism
Traffic Stops
-Justification & Concern - Answers -enforcing laws pertaining to motor vehicles & their
operation. involves the relief of congestion & the reduction of accidents. sobriety
checkpoints, license, and safety checks, direct traffic, control road rage
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