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NURS 504 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED (2024/2025) (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
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NURS 504 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED (2024/2025) (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
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ESTUDYNURS 504 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
UPDATED (2024/2025) (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
1. Who is known as the pioneer of chemistry in the 18th century?
A) Joseph Lister
B) Horace Wells
C) Joseph Priestly
D) Agatha Hodgins
✔✔ Answer: C) Joseph Priestly
2. In which year did Horace Wells use nitrous oxide for tooth extraction?
A) 1773
B) 1844
C) 1889
D) 1931
✔✔ Answer: B) 1844
3. Who is referred to as the "Mother of Anesthesia"?
A) Agatha Hodgins
B) Alice Magaw
C) Joseph Priestly
D) Horace Wells
✔✔ Answer: B) Alice Magaw
4. When was the National Association of Nurse Anesthetists founded?
A) 1844
B) 1889
C) June 17th, 1931
D) 1945
✔✔ Answer: C) June 17th, 1931
5. In which year was the first certification exam for nurse anesthetists conducted?
A) 1931
B) 1945
C) 1950
D) 1965
✔✔ Answer: B) 1945
6. Which of the following are categories of anesthesia?
A) Local, General, Topical
B) General, Sedation (MAC), Regional
,ESTUDY
C) Intravenous, Inhalational, Topical
D) Minimal, Moderate, Deep
✔✔ Answer: B) General, Sedation (MAC), Regional
7. What are the three states of Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC)?
A) Analgesia, Akinesia, Amnesia
B) Light, Medium, Deep
C) Anxiolysis (mild), Amnesia (moderate), Analgesia/Hypnotic (deep)
D) Light, Sedation, Paralysis
✔✔ Answer: C) Anxiolysis (mild), Amnesia (moderate), Analgesia/Hypnotic (deep)
8. What are the three main characteristics of anesthesia?
A) Anesthesia, Sedation, Analgesia
B) Amnesia, Analgesia, Akinesia
C) Sleep, Relaxation, Paralysis
D) Pain relief, Consciousness, Amnesia
✔✔ Answer: B) Amnesia, Analgesia, Akinesia
9. According to Guedel's signs, what are the stages of anesthesia?
A) Mild, Moderate, Deep, Complete
B) Induction, Maintenance, Emergence, Recovery
C) Stage 1: Amnesia, Stage 2: Delirium, Stage 3: Surgical Plane, Stage 4: Overdose
D) Light Sedation, Deep Sedation, Paralysis, Awakening
✔✔ Answer: C) Stage 1: Amnesia, Stage 2: Delirium, Stage 3: Surgical Plane, Stage 4: Overdose
10. Which of the following describes the characteristics during Stage 1: Amnesia?
A) Increased muscle tone and irregular breathing
B) Relaxed muscle tone, normal respiratory rate, normal eye reflexes
C) Dilated pupils, irregular respiration
D) Absence of response to surgical stimulation
✔✔ Answer: B) Relaxed muscle tone, normal respiratory rate, normal eye reflexes
11. What does Minimal Alveolar Concentration (MAC) measure?
A) The level of sedation required for minor surgery
B) The amount of anesthetic required to prevent 50% of subjects from moving in response to
pain
C) The depth of anesthesia based on respiratory rate
D) The dose needed to achieve full unconsciousness
✔✔ Answer: B) The amount of anesthetic required to prevent 50% of subjects from moving in
response to pain
12. What is the MAC of nitrous oxide?
A) 1.15%
B) 104%
,ESTUDY
C) 2%
D) 6-7%
✔✔ Answer: B) 104%
13. What is the blood-gas partition coefficient for isoflurane (Forane)?
A) 0.47
B) 1.4
C) 0.65
D) 0.42
✔✔ Answer: B) 1.4
14. What is the MAC value of sevoflurane (Ultane)?
A) 6-7%
B) 1.15%
C) 2%
D) 104%
✔✔ Answer: C) 2%
15. Which anesthetic agent has the lowest blood-gas partition coefficient?
A) Nitrous Oxide
B) Sevoflurane
C) Desflurane
D) Isoflurane
✔✔ Answer: C) Desflurane
16. What class of drug is Thiopental (Pentothal)?
A) Benzodiazepine
B) Barbiturate
C) Opioid
D) Inhalational agent
✔✔ Answer: B) Barbiturate
17. What is the typical induction dose of Methohexital (Brevital) for children when given
rectally?
A) 3-5 mg/kg
B) 1-1.5 mg/kg
C) 25 mg/kg
D) 5-10 mg/kg
✔✔ Answer: C) 25 mg/kg
Used in place of Propofol sometimes
Precedex (dexmedetomidine) dosage
, ESTUDY
✔✔ - ANSWER - Alpha-2 agonist
Loading dose: 0.5-1mcg/kg/IV over 10 minutes
Onset: 10-20 minutes
DOA: 10-30 min after stopped
Side effects: brady and hypotension
Midazolam (Versed)
✔✔ - ANSWER - Class: Benzo
Conc: 1mg/ml or 5mg/ml
Dose: 1-3mg/IV sedation
PO kids: 0.5-1mg/kg
DOA: 20-60 min PO
Onset: 30-60 sec
MOA of Midazolam (Versed)
✔✔ - ANSWER - MOA: attaches to the alpha subunit on the GABA receptor to produce
anesthesia
Indication: Anterograde amnesia and anxiolysis
Metabolism: CYP pathway
Precedex (dexmedetomidine)
✔✔ - ANSWER - Selective alpha-2 agonist
Decreases the need for narcotics and maintains respiratory stability
Closest thing to natural sleep
Remimazolam/Byfavo
✔✔ - ANSWER - Procedures <30 min
Dose: 2.5-5.0 mg/IV 1 min
Ultra short acting
Metabolized by Plasma Esterase's
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