Strength of Materials - Diploma Mechanical Engineering (2nd/3rd Year Study Guide)
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Course
MEN 31
Institution
Annamalai University
This document provides comprehensive notes on Strength of Materials, covering essential concepts, formulas, and solved examples. It is designed to help engineering and diploma students master topics such as stress and strain, bending moments, shear force diagrams, and material properties. Perfect f...
Stress: The internal resistance per unit area developed in a body to resist deformation when
subjected to an external force.
Formula: Stress (σ) = Force (F) / Area (A)
Unit: N/m² or Pascal (Pa)
Strain: The ratio of change in dimension (length, area, or volume) to the original dimension
when a material is subjected to stress.
Formula: Strain (ε) = Change in Length (ΔL) / Original Length (L)
Unit: It is dimensionless (no unit).
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2. What is the difference between tensile and compressive stress?
Tensile stress: When the force causes elongation of a material, the stress is termed tensile
stress.
Example: A steel rod under pulling force.
Compressive stress: When the force causes shortening or compression of a material, the stress
is called compressive stress.
Example: A column under a load from above.
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3. State Hooke's Law.
Hooke's Law: Within the elastic limit, the stress applied to a material is directly proportional to
the strain produced.
Formula: σ = E × ε
Where,
σ = Stress
E = Modulus of elasticity
ε = Strain
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4. Define Young's Modulus and give its unit.
Young’s Modulus (E): It is the ratio of tensile or compressive stress to the corresponding strain
within the elastic limit.
Formula: E = Stress / Strain
Unit: N/m² or Pascal (Pa)
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5. What is Poisson’s ratio?
Poisson’s Ratio (ν): It is the ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain.
Formula: ν = Lateral Strain / Longitudinal Strain
Typical Range: 0.2 to 0.3 for most metals.
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6. Define the term factor of safety (FOS).
Factor of Safety (FOS): It is the ratio of ultimate strength of a material to the working or
allowable stress.
Formula: FOS = Ultimate Strength / Working Stress
Purpose: Ensures that the structure can withstand unexpected loads.
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7. What are the different types of beams?
1. Simply supported beam: Supported at both ends.
2. Cantilever beam: Fixed at one end and free at the other.
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