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LOWER EXTREMITIES (WORKBOOK) QUESTIONS
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LOWER EXTREMITIES (WORKBOOK) QUESTIONS
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LOWER EXTREMITIES (WORKBOOK) QUESTIONSWhat is the central ray orientation if the joint spaces of the toes are of primary interest?
- Answers- 15 degrees posteriorly (toward the heel)
How should the central ray be directed to demonstrate toes when the plantar surface of
the affected foot is in contact with a foam wedge, which should be inclined 15 degrees
so that the toes are elevated above a horizontally placed IR? - Answers- Perpendicular
Which of the following projections for toes normally does not demonstrate open
interphalangeal joints? - Answers- AP projection of the toes with the central ray directed
perpendicularly
For the AP oblique projection demonstrating all of the toes, which way (medially or
laterally) should the foot and lower leg be rotated? - Answers- medially
How many degrees of rotation are needed to rotate the foot properly for the AP oblique
projection of toes? - Answers- 30 to 45 degrees
Which individual toes are best demonstrated using the AP oblique projection with the
foot rotated laterally? - Answers- Fourth and fifth toes and sometimes third.
For AP oblique projection of toes, the central ray should enter the foot at the
_______________ joint. - Answers- 3rd MTP
True or false. The bases of metatarsals should be included within the image for AP
oblique projections. - Answers- False. The heads of metatarsals should be seen.
For AP oblique toes; True or false. All phalanges should be seen in the image. -
Answers- True
For lateral projections of the toes, what can be done to prevent the superimposition of
toes? - Answers- Tape all the toes above the affected toe into a flexed position.
For the lateral projection of the great toe, the central ray should enter at the
_______________ joint of the great toe. - Answers- interphalangeal (IP)
For lateral projections of the lesser toes, the central ray should enter at the
_______________ joint. - Answers- proximal interphalangeal (PIP)
True or false. For the lateral projection of the great toe, the patient should lie in the
lateral recumbent position on the unaffected side. - Answers- True
True or false. For the lateral projection of the fifth toe, the patient should lie in the lateral
recumbent position on the unaffected side. - Answers- False. Patient should lie on the
affected side for lesser toes.
, For Lateral projection toes; True or false. Interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joint
spaces should appear open. - Answers- True
For the tangential projection of the sesamoids using the Lewis method, how is the
patient positioned? - Answers- prone
For the tangential projection of the sesamoids using the Holly method, how is the
patient positioned? - Answers- supine or seated
For tangential projection of sesamoids, Lewis method,
Rest the great toe on the table in a position of _____________ and adjust it to place the
ball of the foot ________________ to the horizontal plane. - Answers- dorsiflexion
perpendicular
For the tangential projection of sesamoids, Holly method;
With the patient seated on the table, the foot is adjusted so that the medial border is
___________, and the plantar surface is at an angle of _____ degrees with the plane of
the IR. - Answers- vertical
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How is the central ray directed for the tangential projection of sesamoids using Lewis
and Holly methods? - Answers- perpendicular and tangential to 1st MTP joint
What is the collimated field size for tangential projection of sesamoids, Lewis and Holly
methods? - Answers- 3x3 inches
What other projection term refers to the AP projection of the foot? - Answers-
Dorsoplantar
How should the central ray be directed for best demonstration of tarsometatarsal joints
with a dorsoplantar projection? - Answers- 10 degrees posteriorly toward the heel
Toward what point of the foot should the central ray be directed for AP and AP axial
projections? - Answers- The base of the third metatarsal
In which direction (medially or laterally) should the foot be rotated for the AP oblique
projection for best demonstration of the cuboid and its related articulations? - Answers-
medially
What projection of the foot best demonstrates the lateral tarsals with the least
superimposition of structures? - Answers- AP oblique projection (medial rotation)
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