Environmental Systems and Societies for the IB Diploma
This is a complete study guide for both papers. It contains questions and answers for every syllabus point as well as case studies useful for paper 2. It is all I used to study for my final IB exam and I got a 7.
4. water and aquatic food production systems and societies
3. Biodiversity and Conservation
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University of Toronto (U of T
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Environmental Management and Geography
IB ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS AND SOCIETIES
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WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF
EXNVIRONMENTAL, SYSTEMS AND SOCIETIES. WHAT ARE THREE FACTORS THAT
1. Environmental: external surroundings INFLUENCED THE SHAPING OF THE
that act on and effect the survival of ENVIRONMENT MOVEMENT?
animals and plants. 1. Environmental Disasters
2. Systems: something made from separate 2. Media
parts that link together. 3. Technological Innovation
3. Societies: group of individuals that share
a common characteristic. DESCRIBE WHAT THE MINAMATA DIESASE IS.
HOW MANY PEOPLE IT AFFECTED. AND ITS
WHAT IS THE ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT, IMPACT ON THE MOVMENT.
WHAT DO THEY DO AND WHEN DID IT BEGIN? 1. 1956: The disease linked to the release of
1. World campaign that raises awareness methyl mercury was found in waste
and takes action to tackle the negative water produced by Chisso Corporation’s
impact of humans on the planet. chemical factory. Humans ate the
2. Advocate and promote sustainable contaminated fish.
development through individual 2. 900 died and 2365 got mercury
behaviour and public policy. poisoning.
3. 1968 3. Initially no action was taken but now
Japan has prohibited the dumping of toxic
WHAT ARE 5 NEGATIVE IMPACTS HUMANS ARE waste into bodies of water.
CAUSING ON THE ENVIRONMENT?
1. Pollution of land and sea. DESCRIBE WHAT ‘THE LIMITS OF GROWTH’ IS
2. Deforestation. AND ITS IMPACT ON THE MOVEMENT.
3. Electronic and nuclear waste. 1. 1972: The Club of Rome wrote about the
4. Endangering species. rapidly growing economy and how it will
5. Erosion of ozone layer.
, deplete all of our finite resources. It is the WHEN/WHERE WAS EARTH SUMMIT? WHY WAS
best-selling environmental book. IT SPEICIAL? WHAT WAS ITS FOCUS? WHAT
2. It made people more conscious about WAS CREATED?
their use of resources. It helped launch 1. 1992 in Rio.
modern environmental computer 2. 172-195 countries attended.
modelling and it began current globally 3. Sustainable economic growth.
focused environmental debate. 4. The Agenda 21. It aimed to involve
governments and organizations to
DESCRIBE WHAT GREENPEACE IS AND ITS achieve sustainability.
IMPACT ON THE MOVEMENT.
1. 1970: Raises awareness of the WHEN/WHERE WAS THE UN KYOTO CLIMATE
importance of harmony between nature CHANGE PROTOCOL? WHAT WAS ITS FOCUS?
and humans. WHAT WAS ITS AIM? WHEN WERE MEDCs
2. This is achieved through movies, videos, INCLUDED?
peaceful protests, headlines, rallies etc. 1. 1997 in Kyoto.
2. Climate change.
WHEN/WHERE WAS THE UN CONFERENCE ON 3. To reduce carbon dioxide emissions for
THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT? WHY WAS IT HEDCs by 2012.
SPECIAL? WHAT WERE ITS MAIN TARGETS? 4. In 2005.
1. 1972 in Stockholm, Sweden.
2. It was the first major environmental WHEN/WHERE WAS THE WORLD SUMMIT ON
conference. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT? WHAT WAS ITS
3. To prevent pollution, use renewable FOCUS?
energy and preserve resources. 1. 2002 in Johannesburg?
2. Social issues like sanitation, poverty and
water.
,WHEN WAS THE DURBAN CONFERENCE? 2. The Conferences of the Parties (COP).
WHAT HAPPENED?
1. 2011 WHAT 3 FACTORS SHAPE ONE’S
2. It set not legally binding targets for ENVIRONMENTAL VALUE SYSTEM?
MEDCs and LEDCs. 1. Inputs: media, school, peers, family,
culture, politics etc.
WHEN WAS THE UN CONFERENCE ON 2. Outputs: decisions, actions, choices,
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT RIO? WHY WAS perspectives, courses of action.
IT SPECIAL? WHAT HAPPENED? 3. Processes: listening, learning, deciding
1. 2012
2. It commemorated 20 years since the WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT VALUE SYSTEMS?
Earth Summit. 1. Deep ecologists: Nature over humans.
3. It secured political commitment of Promote organisms that do not help
countries to sustainability and examined humans.
challenges. 2. Ecocentrics: Nature centred. Nature is
central. Education and bio rights should
WHAT THREE THINGS DID CONVENTION ON be prioritized.
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY FOCUS ON? 3. Anthropocentric: People centred. Humans
1. Conservation of biodiversity. can manage earth through taxes,
2. Sustainable use of biodiversity. legislation and regulation.
3. Equitable sharing of benefits from 4. Technocentric: Technology solves
genetic resources. problems. Scientific research and new
research will be found. The economy
WHAT HAPPENED AT THE UN FRAMEWORK comes first.
CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE? WHO
5. Cornucopians: People will find a way.
GOVERENED IT?
There is no need to hinder growth.
1. A legally binding convention was made.
, HOW WOULD EACH OF THESE DIFFERENT
PEOPLE TACKLE THE ISSUE OF FOSSIL FUEL
USE?
1. Ecocentric: Work to reduce emissions
regardless of economic growth.
2. Anthropocentric: Create legislations to
reduce emissions.
3. Technocentric: Use science to find
alternatives like hydrogen fuel cells.
4. Cornacopians: Believe that the demand
will decrease and therefore no action
should be taken.
EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF A
MODEL.
1. Inputs (arrows going in).
2. Outputs (arrows going out).
3. Storage (box).
4. Processes what is happening within the EXPLAIN 6 PROCESSES WITHIN THE TREE.
system. 1. Photosynthesis: carbon dioxide + water
glucose +oxygen
2. Respiration: oxygen +glucose carbon
dioxide +water + ATP
3. Diffusion: the movement of nutrients and
water around the tree.
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