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AGECO 121 EXAM 2 WORKSHEET KEY QUESTIONS WITH ACTUAL SOLUTIONS
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AGECO 121 EXAM 2 WORKSHEET KEY QUESTIONS WITH ACTUAL SOLUTIONS
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AGECO 121 EXAM 2 WORKSHEET KEYQUESTIONS WITH ACTUAL SOLUTIONS
Briefly ssdescribe ssthe sspath ssof ssa sswater ssmolecule ssthrough ssthe ssplant ssbody
ssfrom ssthe sssoil ssaround ssthe ssroots ssto ssthe ssair ssaround ssthe ssplant. ss- ssAnswer
ssRoot sshairs ssabsorb ssthe sswater ssmolecule ssin ssliquid ssform ssfrom sssurrounding
sssoil. ssWater ssmoves ssinward ssbetween ssand ssacross sscells sstowards ssthe sscenter
ssof ssthe ssroot, sspast ssthe sscasparian ssstrip, ssinto ssthe ssxylem ssvessels. ssWater ssis
sspulled ssupwards ssthrough ssthe ssxylem ssvessels ssby sscohesion-tension ssbrought
ssabout ssby ssevaporation ssof sswater ssfrom ssthe ssleaves, ssthe sscohesion ssof sswater
ssmolecules sswith sseach ssother, ssand ssthe ssattraction ssof ssthe sswater ssmolecules ssto
ssthe sswalls ssof ssthe ssxylem ssvessels ssthat sshelps sssupport ssthe sswater sscolumn
ssagainst ssgravity. ssWater ssarrives ssat ssleaf sscells, ssevaporates ss(becomes ssa ssgas)
ssin ssthe ssleaf ssinterior, ssand ssexits ssinto ssthe sssurrounding ssatmosphere ssthrough
ssthe ssstomata.
How ssdoes ssthe sssalt ssbush, ssAtriplex sslentiformis, ssdeal sswith ssthe sshuge ssamounts
ssof sssalt ssthat ssit ssabsorbs? ss- ssAnswer ssAtriplex ss"stashes" ssthe sssalt ssas ssbring ssin
ssleaf sshairs, sswhich ssbecome ss"bring ssballoons", sseventually ssbreaking ssand
ssdropping ssthe sssalt ssback sson ssthe ssground.
What ssdoes ssthe ss"cohesion" ssrefer ssto? ss- ssAnswer ssCohesion ssrefers ssto ssthe
ssadherence ssof sswater ssmolecules ssto sseach ssother ssvia sshydrogen ssbonding
ssbetween ssthe ssoxygens ssand sshydrogens ssof ssdifferent sswater ssmolecules. ssThis
ssgives sswater sscohesion sswith ssitself.
Where ssdoes ssthe ss"tension" sscome ssfrom? ss- ssAnswer ssThe sstension sscomes ssfrom
ssthe ssevaporation ssof sswater ssfrom ssthe ssleaves. ssThis ssresults ssin ssa sswater ssdeficit
ss(lower sswater ssconcentration) ssin ssthat ssarea, sswhich ssstrongly ssattracts ssmore
sswater ssinto ssthe sstissue. ssThis ssa sspulling ssof sswater ssup ssthrough ssthe
ssinterconnected ssxylem ssvessels ssall ssthe ssway ssup ssthe ssplant ssfrom ssthe ssroots.
Neither ssCuscuta ss(dodder) ssnor ssAldrovanda ss(water sswheel) ssplants sshave ssroots.
ssHow sscan ssthese ssplants sssurvive sswithout ssroots? ss- ssAnswer ssNormally, ssplants
ssneed ssroots ssto ssabsorb sswater ssand ssmineral ssnutrition ssfrom ssthe sssoil. ssCuscuta
ssis ssa ssparasite, ssso ssit ssconnects ssto ssthe ssxylem ssand ssphloem ssof ssa sshost ssplant
ssto ssobtain sswater, ssminerals, ssand ssfood ss(sugar, ssprotein). ssTherefore, ssit ssdoes
ssnot ssneed ssits ssown ssroots. ssAldrovanda ssdoes ssnot ssneed ssroots ssbecause ssit
sstraps ssinsects ssto ssobtain ssits ssmineral ssnutrition. ssFurthermore, ssas ssan ssaquatic
, ssplant, ssit ssfloats ssin ssa sswatery ssenvironment ssand ssdoes ssnot ssneed ssroots ssto
ssobtain sswater, sseither.
Design ssa sssimple ss(i.e., ssno ssspecial sstechnology ssneeded) ssexperiment ssto
ssdetermine sswhether ssRoridula ssgorgonias ss(Roridula) ssis sscarnivorous. ssDiagrams
ssmay sshelp. ssUse ssother ssside ss- ssAnswer ssYou sscan sssimply ssgrow ssRoridula
ssunder ssconditions sswith ssand sswithout ssaccess ssto ssinsects. ssIf ssthe ssplant ssis
sscarnivorous, ssit sswill ssbe ssable ssto ssobtain ssmineral ssnutrition ssfrom ssthe sstrapped
ssinsects. ssTherefore, ssthe ssplant sswith ssaccess ssto ssinsects sswill ssgrow ssfaster ssthan
ssthe ssplant sswithout ssinsect ssaccess. ssThis sscould ssbe ssbest ssmeasured ssby ssdry
ssweight ssof ssthe ssplant. ssIf ssthe ssplant ssis ssNOT sscarnivorous, ssit sswill ssnot ssbe ssable
ssto ssobtain ssmineral ssnutrition ssfrom ssthe sstrapped ssinsects. ssTherefore, ssthe ssone
sswith ssaccess ssto ssinsects sswill sshave ssno ssparticular ssadvantage, ssand ssthe ssplants
sswill ssgrow sssimilarly sswhether ssthey sshave ssinsect ssaccess ssor ssnot. ssRestricting
ssinsect ssaccess sscould ssbe ssdone ssin ssvarious ssways, ssincluding ssin sscontrolled
ssenvironments/greenhouses, ssor ssby ssusing ssmesh sscages ssover ssplants ssin sstheir
ssnative ssenvironment.
If sscarnivory ssprovides ssplants sswith ssthe ssadvantage ssof ssobtaining ssnutrients ssfrom
ssanimal ssprey, sswhy ssdo ssthey ssgrow ssrelatively ssslowly ssand ssgenerally ssinhabit
ssonly sscertain ssrestricted sstypes ssof ssenvironments? ss- ssAnswer ssCarnivory ssis ssa
ssspecialized ssadaptation ssthat ssallows sscarnivorous ssplants ssto sscolonize ssand ssthrive
ssin ssenvironments sswhere sssoil ssmineral ssnutrition ssis ssscarce. ssTo ssdo ssthis,
sscarnivorous ssplants ssmake ssa sslarge ssinvestment ssin sstraps, sslure, ssand sssometimes
ssmovements, ssin ssorder ssto sscapture ssprey. ssIf sssoil sshas sssufficient ssmineral
ssnutrition, ssthese ssadaptations ssbecome ssa ssburden ssand ssa sswaste ssof ssenergy.
ssThis ssslows ssdown ssthe sscarnivores ssin ssmineral-rich ssenvironments sscompared ssto
ssthe ssnon-carnivores.
How ssdo sswe ssknow ssthat ssthe ssparasitic ssCuscuta ss(dodder) ssplant sslocates ssits
sstomato sshost ss(victim) ssby ss"smelling" ssit? ss- ssAnswer ssBecause ssthe ssCuscuta
ssseedling ssgrows ssin ssthe ssdirection ssof ssa sstomato ssplant sseven sswhen ssthe sstomato
ssplant ssis ssaround ssa sscorner sswith ssno ssdirect ssline ssof ss"sight". ssA ssdiagram
ssshowing ssthe ssexperimental sssetup ssdemonstrating ssthis ssmay ssaugment ssyour
ssanswer. ssA sscuscuta ssplant ssis ssgiven ssa sschoice ssbetween ssgrowing sstowards ssa
ssreal sstomato ssplant ssthat ssis ssaround ssa sscorner ssand ssa ssplastic sstomato ssplant ssin
ssa sspot ssof sssoil ssthat ssis ssin ssthe ssopposite ssdirection. ssIn ssaddition, ssthe ss"volatile"
ssodor ssmolecules ssfrom sstomato sshave ssbeen sscollected ssand ssthe ssCuscuta ssgrows
sstowards ssan ssinanimate sscontainer ssfrom sswhich ssthese ssvolatile ssmolecules ssare
ssallowed ssto ssevaporate ssinto ssthe ssair. ssThe sscuscuta ssmore ssoften ssthan ssnot
ssgrows ssin ssthe ssdirection ssof ssthe sssource ssof ssvolatile ssmolecules ssfrom ssthe
sstomato. ssBecause ssthe ssonly ssconnection ssbetween ssthe sscuscuta ssand ssthe
ssvolatile sssource ssis ssthe ssairway ssconnection ss(no sssoil ssconnection, ssno sslight
ssreflections), ssthe sscuscuta ssis sseffectively ss"smelling" ssthe sstomato ssand ssgrowing
sstowards ssthe sssource ssof ssthe ssaroma.
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