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Microbiology C453 WGU: The Complement System – Questions With Complete Answers
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Microbiology C453 WGU: The Complement System – Questions With Complete Answers
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Microbiology C453 WGU: The Complement System –Questions With Complete Answers
What is the first thing a pathogen runs into after infection? Right Ans - the
complement system
What is the complement system composed of? Right Ans - 35 pre-existing
proteins
What is the maximum temperature at which complement can function?
Right Ans - 56*C
What part of the immune response is the complement system part of?
Right Ans - early induced innate immunity (4-96 hours)
Natural antibodies Right Ans - coded for in the genome
What does the complement system use in your body to work? Right Ans -
the complement system works with natural antibodies in innate immune
responses, and with antibodies produced in the adaptive humoral response to
pathogens to enhance the immune response
Opsonization Right Ans - preparing the cell for phagocytosis
Three functions of the complement system Right Ans - recruitment of
inflammatory and immunocompetent cells
Opsonization of pathogens
Killing of pathogens
Zymogens Right Ans - substrate proteins are cleaved and acquire
proteolytic activity
One protease cleaves and activates many molecules of the next component,
this amplifying the response to microbes
This is how blood clotting works
, what is the order of complement protein activation? Right Ans - C1, C4, C2,
C3, C5-9
in complement proteins, what do lowercase letters indicate? Right Ans -
protein cleavage fragments; usually the small fragment is ''a" and the larger
one is "b", but this is backwards for C2
what does the letter "i" indicate in front of a complement protein? Right
Ans - it is the inactive form of the complement protein and the cascade cannot
continue
C1 complement structure; what are the three components? Right Ans - C1q,
C1r, C1s
works with antibodies
what kind of receptor is C1q? Right Ans - pattern rcognition receptor
what does C1q bind to? Right Ans - certain repeating molecular motifs on
pathogens and IgM, IgG, or C-reactive proteins deposited on pathogen
surfaces
what do C1s and C1r do? Right Ans - they create enzymatic activity
first step in generating C3 convertase Right Ans - activated C1s cleaves C4
to C4a and C4b, which immediately binds to the microbial surface
if C4b does not immediately bind, it is hydrolyzed and killed
second step in generating C3 convertase Right Ans - C4b binds C2, which is
cleaved by C1s into C2a and C2b, forming the C4b2a complex on the microbial
surface.
third step in generating the C3 convertase Right Ans - C4b2ais an active C3
convertase, cleaving C3 to C3a and C3b, which will wither bind to the
microbial surface, or to the convertase itself
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