Exam (elaborations)

BIOL 200 Midterm UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers

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BIOL 200

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BIOL 200

BIOL 200 Midterm UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers characteristics of living organisms - CORRECT ANSWER- -grow and survive -reproduce -pass on characteristics to next generation protocells - CORRECT ANSWER- -simple aggregations of lipids/amino acids -they grow and can form membrane...

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Uploaded on November 16, 2024
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Institution BIOL 200
Course BIOL 200

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BIOL 200 Midterm UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
characteristics of living organisms - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-grow and survive
-reproduce
-pass on characteristics to next generation

protocells - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-simple aggregations of lipids/amino acids
-they grow and can form membrane-bound vesicles that enclose organic-rich media

heterotroph - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔organism that obtains energy from the foods it
consumes; also called a consumer

autotroph - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔an organism that is able to form nutritional organic
substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide.

biological species concept - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Species is a group of populations
whose members have the potential to produce fertile offspring.

morphological species concept - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔characterizes a species by body
shape and other structural features

phylogenetic species concept - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔defines a species as the smallest
group of individuals that share a common ancestor

viral structure - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-dna or rna surrounded by protein coating
-some have an outer lipid envelope
-plant viruses generally require animal vector to penetrate the target plant's thick cell wall

biological characteristics of prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-unicellular
-rigid cell walls

,-have dna
-lack nucleus and membrane bound organelles
-smaller ribosomes than eukaryotes
-no sexual reproduction

implications of being very small - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-high sensitivity to
environmental changes
-rapid reproduction
-high rate of living
-defined by aquatic continuum
-restricted mobility

microbial acquisition of nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-rigid cell walls precludes
phagocytosis
-uptake across cell membrane is restricted to small organics and inorganics
-many have resource storage capacity as granules or inclusion bodies

prokaryotic reproduction - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔1) duplication of circular chromosome
2) cell elongation
3) ingrowth of plasma membrane (and possible attachment of DNA)
4) ingrowth of cell wall

environmental factors on prokaryotic cell growth - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-water
availability
-pH
-temp
-oxygen
-nutrients
-waste accumulation

, genetic variability in prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-mutation plus rapid
generation time
-genetic transfers (conjugation, transformation, transduction)

transduction - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔movement of genes between bacteria by
bacteriophages

differences between archaea and bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔- Ribosomal RNA
sequence data
- Archaeal cell walls lack peptidoglycan (no N-acetyl muramic acid).
- Archaeal cytoplasmic membrane lipids have branched chain fatty acids that may extend
through the membrane.
- The initial amino acid in protein synthesis in Archaea is methionine rather than formyl-
methionine, which is used in bacteria.
- Archaeal RNA polymerase is similar to eukaryotic RNA pol II.
- Archaeal flagella are simple protein threads that rotate like those of bacteria, but they are
very different. Archaea flagella are not hollow tubes, they are solid. Assembly differs from
bacterial flagella too.

gram positive cell wall - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔thick peptidoglycan layer

gram negative cell wall - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Thin peptidoglycan
Outer membrane
Periplasmic space
-better at adapting to the environment

gram +ves - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-resistent to osmotic stress
-can form endospores
-usually chemoheterotrophs
-non-motile and without appendages

gram -ves - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔-utilise periplasmic space for:

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