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NURS 431 Midterm Exam Questions with Correct Answers
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NURS 431 Midterm Exam Questions with Correct Answers
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NURS 431 Midterm Exam Questions withCorrect Answers
Model of Ecology - Answer-How the environment impacts the health of individuals,
families, populations, and communities
The Model of Ecology has what kind of focus- and what does that mean - Answer-
Upstream focus- not just focusing on healthy lifestyles, but rather the environment and
other contributing factors
Model of Ecology Social Determinants of Health Areas - Answer-Individual , Family,
Community, Society, and Environment
Primary Prevention - Answer-Health promotion, immunizations, risk reduction, public
awareness, specific protection
Secondary Prevention - Answer-Screenings, early detection, interventions to prevent
progression of disease (rabies vaccine and stent placement)
Tertiary Prevention - Answer-Treatment of disease, prevention of complications,
rehabilitation
Who is the founder of the theory of transcultural nursing? - Answer-Madeline Leininger
Steps of Transcultural Nursing Process - Answer-1. Develop cultural self-awareness 2.
Cultivate cultural sensitivity 3. Assess the client group's culture 4. Show respect and
patience while learning other cultures 5. Examine culturally derived health practices
Nightingales Theory of Environmental Adaptations - Answer-Patients are to be put in
best condition for nature to act on them
Milio's Framework for Prevention - Answer-behavioral patterns of the populations are a
result of habitual selection from limited choices (not lack of knowledge)
Pender's Health Promotion Model - Answer-Likelihood of taking an action to avoid
disease based on perceived susceptibility, seriousness, and threat of disease
Orem's Theory of Self-Care - Answer-Nurses assist/fulfill client's self care needs until
they are able to perform them independently
Ethics - Answer-Body of knowledge that addresses questions of behavior and actions
according to specific principles
,Ethical Judgment - Answer-concerned with values, goal is to choose an action that is
good or right in the circumstances based on how you prioritize your values
What was the first code of ethics for nurses - Answer-Nightingale Pledge
What are some other codes of ethics nurses follow - Answer-ICN, ANA Code of Ethics,
APHA
Non-Maleficence - Answer-Do not harm
Beneficence - Answer-Doing the most good
Advocacy - Answer-Independence and self determination- respect, protection of
privacy, informed consent, confidentiality, participation, cultural sensitivity
Public Health System Examples - Answer-Government Funded, Population Oriented,
Primary Health Care (Health for All), Social Justice and Health Equality
Private Health System Examples - Answer-Employer or self funded, individual oriented,
disease prevention, equality and ability to pay
Essential Health Care should provide - Answer-Basic sanitation and safe water,
Adequate food and nutrition, Maternal/Child health including family planning, Prevention
and control of endemic diseases,
Immunization for major diseases, Treatment of common diseases and injuries,
Education,
Provision of essential drugs
Characteristics of Primary Health Care - Answer-culturally acceptable, appropriate and
effective, universally accessible, affordable and sustainable (partnerships and country
development)
Federal Structures - Answer-Administration for children and families, Agency for health
care research and qulalty for toxic substances and disease registry, CDC, CMS, FDA,
Health Resources and Service Administration, Indian health services, NIH, Substance
abuse and mental health services
State structures in health care - Answer-Regulations and policies determined by federal
government such as medicare, medicaid, and state children's health insurance
programs
Local structures in Health Care - Answer-state laws and policies, most direct, immediate
care, work with state
Public programs only reimburse what percent of fees - Answer-80% (generally)
, How do providers make up the extra 20% not paid by the government - Answer-charge
more to others
Medicare provides to whom - Answer-Provides hospital insurance and medical
insurance to persons 65 years of age and older, to permanently disabled persons, and
to persons with end-stage renal disease
Medicaid provides to whom - Answer-Provides financial assistance to states and
counties to pay for medical services for poor older adults, the blind, the disabled, and
families with dependent children
Tricare is for - Answer-retired military and dependents
Other services by government - Answer-IHS, VA
Principles of Public Health Nursing: The unit of care is - Answer-population
What is the goal of PHN - Answer-achieve the greats good for the greatest number of
people
Client = - Answer-community, equal partner in care
Priority of PHN - Answer-primary prevention
Focus of PHN - Answer-creating healthy environment, social, and economic conditions
PHN obligation to - Answer-reach out to all who may benefit and to use most cost
effective interventions
What is mandatory in PHN - Answer-interprofessional collaboration
core functions of PHN - Answer-Community Assessment, Policy Development, Health
Assurance, Research and Practice Major Activities
community assessment - Answer-monitor health and diagnose/investigate
Policy Development - Answer-Inform, education, and empower, mobilize community
partnerships, develop policies
Health Assurance - Answer-Enforce laws, link to/provide care, assure to competent
workforce
Research and Practice Major Activites - Answer-infectious and non infectious disease
prevntion and control, environmental health and sanitation, emergency
preparedness/disaster management, family case management, health promotion and
risk reduction
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