Biology Proctored Exam Penn Foster
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fmzmdx
1. Characteristics of living 1. levels of organization
things 2. ability to acquire food for energy
3. maintain an internal environment
4. respond to stimuli
5. reproduce and develop
6. ability to adapt and evolve
7. contain cells
2. Levels of Biological Orga- atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ sys-
nization tem, organism, species, population, communi-
ty, ecosystem, biosphere
3. How are organisms classi- on the basis of their evolutionary/genetic relat-
fied? edness
4. What is the scientific Process used to validate observations while
method? What is it's im- minimizing observer bias
portance in biological sci-
ences? It's goal is for research to be conduced in a fair,
unbiased and repeatable manner. The best way
to discover how and why the world works
5. What is matter? Anything that has mass and takes up space
6. What is an atom? smallest unit of matter that retains all the chem-
ical properties of an element. They combine to
form molecules which then form into a solid,
gas or liquid
7. What is the structure of an Nucleus in the center that contains protons
atom? (positively charged) and neutrons (no charge).
The outermost region is called an electron shell
that contain the electrons (negatively charged)
8. What is an ionic bond? A chemical bond that's formed when an atom
transfers and electron to another Atom
9. What is a covalent bond? Results when 2 atoms share electrons in order
to have a completed outer shell
, Biology Proctored Exam Penn Foster
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fmzmdx
10. What is a double covalent Occurs when 2 atoms share 2 pairs of elec-
bond? troms
11. In order to be an organic Carbon and hydrogen
molecule it must contain
what?
12. What are the main groups Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid
of organic molecules that
build cells and their parts?
13. What are the properties of Its attraction to polar molecules.
water? High-specific heat.
High heat of vaporization.
The lower density of ice.
High polarity.
14. Carbohydrates Broken down to glucose to provide energy.
15. What are the different Glucose= monosaccharide that serves as
kinds of carbs? blood sugar
Sucrose= disaccharide which is table sugar
Polysaccharides= include starch, which stores
energy in plants
Glycogen= stores energy in animals
Cellulose= makes up the structure of plant cell
walls
16. Protein macromolecule that contains carbon, hydro-
gen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body
for growth and repair
17. Lipid Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats,
oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hy-
drogen, and oxygen.
Serve as a long term energy source
18. Nucleic acid macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
, Biology Proctored Exam Penn Foster
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fmzmdx
Form DNA which acts to store genetic informa-
tion
19. What is the cell theory? All living organisms are made up of cells
The cell is the smallest structural and functional
unit of all living organisms
All cells arise from pre-existing cells
20. Ribosome Makes proteins
21. Endoplasmic Reticulum A cell structure that forms a maze of passage-
ways in which proteins and other materials are
carried from one part of the cell to another.
22. Smooth ER Makes lipids
23. Rough ER That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum stud-
ded with ribosomes.
24. Golgi Apparatus Sorts and packs protein into vesicles and trans-
ports them
25. Lysosome Digests food, bacteria and worn out organelles
26. Vacuole Stores food, enzymes and other material
27. Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell- produces energy for
growth, development and movement
28. Nucleus A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and
responsible for growth and reproduction
29. Cell wall A rigid structure that surrounds the cell mem-
brane and provides support to the cell
30. Explain the process of dif- Molecules move from an area of higher concen-
fusion: tration to an area of lower concentration until
the concentration of molecules is the same at
both sites
, Biology Proctored Exam Penn Foster
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fmzmdx
31. Explain the process of os- Water moves from areas of low solute concen-
mosis: tration to areas of high solute concentration
32. Describe a basic enzymat- S+E= P+E
ic reaction:
E represents the enzyme catalyzing the reac-
tion
S is the substance being changed
P is the product of the reaction
33. What is an enzyme? Catalysts that increase the speed of a chemi-
cal reaction without undergoing any permanent
chemical change
34. What is the process of -The process in which the Sun's energy is con-
photosynthesis? verted into chemical energy (occurs in chloro-
plasts).
-Carbon dioxide and water are added
-Sugar and oxygen are produced
35. What is cellular respira- Cellular respiration is the process that releases
tion? energy from food in the presence of oxygen.
36. What is the cellular respi- 6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
ration equation?
37. What is glycolysis? "splitting sugars." yields two molecules of ATP.
38. What is Krebs cycle? This term refers to a series of chemical re-
actions that involve the complete oxidation of
acetyl CoA and produce 2 mol of ATP (energy)
along with hydrogen and carbon, which com-
bine with oxygen to form (H2O) and (CO2).
39. What is the electron trans- Is a sequence of electron carrier molecules that
port chain? shuttle electrons,
down a series of reactions that release energy;
used to make ATP.
40.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fmzmdx
1. Characteristics of living 1. levels of organization
things 2. ability to acquire food for energy
3. maintain an internal environment
4. respond to stimuli
5. reproduce and develop
6. ability to adapt and evolve
7. contain cells
2. Levels of Biological Orga- atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ sys-
nization tem, organism, species, population, communi-
ty, ecosystem, biosphere
3. How are organisms classi- on the basis of their evolutionary/genetic relat-
fied? edness
4. What is the scientific Process used to validate observations while
method? What is it's im- minimizing observer bias
portance in biological sci-
ences? It's goal is for research to be conduced in a fair,
unbiased and repeatable manner. The best way
to discover how and why the world works
5. What is matter? Anything that has mass and takes up space
6. What is an atom? smallest unit of matter that retains all the chem-
ical properties of an element. They combine to
form molecules which then form into a solid,
gas or liquid
7. What is the structure of an Nucleus in the center that contains protons
atom? (positively charged) and neutrons (no charge).
The outermost region is called an electron shell
that contain the electrons (negatively charged)
8. What is an ionic bond? A chemical bond that's formed when an atom
transfers and electron to another Atom
9. What is a covalent bond? Results when 2 atoms share electrons in order
to have a completed outer shell
, Biology Proctored Exam Penn Foster
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fmzmdx
10. What is a double covalent Occurs when 2 atoms share 2 pairs of elec-
bond? troms
11. In order to be an organic Carbon and hydrogen
molecule it must contain
what?
12. What are the main groups Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid
of organic molecules that
build cells and their parts?
13. What are the properties of Its attraction to polar molecules.
water? High-specific heat.
High heat of vaporization.
The lower density of ice.
High polarity.
14. Carbohydrates Broken down to glucose to provide energy.
15. What are the different Glucose= monosaccharide that serves as
kinds of carbs? blood sugar
Sucrose= disaccharide which is table sugar
Polysaccharides= include starch, which stores
energy in plants
Glycogen= stores energy in animals
Cellulose= makes up the structure of plant cell
walls
16. Protein macromolecule that contains carbon, hydro-
gen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body
for growth and repair
17. Lipid Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats,
oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hy-
drogen, and oxygen.
Serve as a long term energy source
18. Nucleic acid macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
, Biology Proctored Exam Penn Foster
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fmzmdx
Form DNA which acts to store genetic informa-
tion
19. What is the cell theory? All living organisms are made up of cells
The cell is the smallest structural and functional
unit of all living organisms
All cells arise from pre-existing cells
20. Ribosome Makes proteins
21. Endoplasmic Reticulum A cell structure that forms a maze of passage-
ways in which proteins and other materials are
carried from one part of the cell to another.
22. Smooth ER Makes lipids
23. Rough ER That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum stud-
ded with ribosomes.
24. Golgi Apparatus Sorts and packs protein into vesicles and trans-
ports them
25. Lysosome Digests food, bacteria and worn out organelles
26. Vacuole Stores food, enzymes and other material
27. Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell- produces energy for
growth, development and movement
28. Nucleus A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and
responsible for growth and reproduction
29. Cell wall A rigid structure that surrounds the cell mem-
brane and provides support to the cell
30. Explain the process of dif- Molecules move from an area of higher concen-
fusion: tration to an area of lower concentration until
the concentration of molecules is the same at
both sites
, Biology Proctored Exam Penn Foster
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fmzmdx
31. Explain the process of os- Water moves from areas of low solute concen-
mosis: tration to areas of high solute concentration
32. Describe a basic enzymat- S+E= P+E
ic reaction:
E represents the enzyme catalyzing the reac-
tion
S is the substance being changed
P is the product of the reaction
33. What is an enzyme? Catalysts that increase the speed of a chemi-
cal reaction without undergoing any permanent
chemical change
34. What is the process of -The process in which the Sun's energy is con-
photosynthesis? verted into chemical energy (occurs in chloro-
plasts).
-Carbon dioxide and water are added
-Sugar and oxygen are produced
35. What is cellular respira- Cellular respiration is the process that releases
tion? energy from food in the presence of oxygen.
36. What is the cellular respi- 6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
ration equation?
37. What is glycolysis? "splitting sugars." yields two molecules of ATP.
38. What is Krebs cycle? This term refers to a series of chemical re-
actions that involve the complete oxidation of
acetyl CoA and produce 2 mol of ATP (energy)
along with hydrogen and carbon, which com-
bine with oxygen to form (H2O) and (CO2).
39. What is the electron trans- Is a sequence of electron carrier molecules that
port chain? shuttle electrons,
down a series of reactions that release energy;
used to make ATP.
40.
