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NRSG 357 Exam #1 Study Guide (Neuro) – Q’s And A’s
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NRSG 357 Exam #1 Study Guide (Neuro) – Q’s And A’s
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NRSG 357 Exam #1 Study Guide (Neuro) – Q’s And A’s______ are opacity within the lens of the eye. Right Ans - cataracts
______ is caused by altered metabolic processes within the lens that cause an
accumulation of water and changes in the lens fiber structure - affect lens
transparency, causing vision changes. (senile) Right Ans - cataracts
Risk factors for ______ include...
- Old age
- Smoking
- Alcohol use
- Radiation exposure
- UV light exposure
- Drug use
- Ocular inflammation
- Diabetes
- Penetrating trauma Right Ans - cataracts
Clinical manifestations of ______ include...
- Decrease in vision
- Abnormal color perception
- Glare (due to light scatter caused by the lens opacities)
- Visual decline is gradual - worse at night when the pupil dilates Right Ans
- cataracts
Diagnosis of ______ is based on decreased visual acuity or other visual problem
- opacity is directly visible during examination.
- A totally opaque lens creates the appearance of a white pupil. Right Ans -
cataracts
Nonsurgical therapy for ______ includes...
- Change eyewear prescription
- Visual aids - strong reading glasses/ magnifiers.
- Increasing light
- Lifestyle changes - not driving at night. Right Ans - cataracts
______ is the only known "cure" for cataracts. Right Ans - surgery
,______ is the most common form of cataract surgery.
- A very small incision is made in the surface of the eye in or near the cornea, a
thin ultrasound probe is inserted and ultrasonic vibrations are used to
dissolve the clouded lens into fragments which are then suctioned out through
the same probe (no sutures needed). Right Ans - phacoemulsification
______ ______ ______ is used for very advanced cataracts where the lens is too
dense to dissolve into fragments.
- Requires a larger incision so that the cataract can be removed in one piece -
sutures are needed. Right Ans - extracapsular cataract extraction
Nursing considerations for pre-op ______ surgery includes administering
prescribed eye drops.
- Mydriatic = dilation.
- Cycloplegic = anticholinergic, block effects of acetylcholine, produces
paralysis.
- NSAID Inflammatory Drops = reduce inflammation. Right Ans - cataract
Post-op teaching for ______ surgery includes...
- No bending, stooping, coughing or lifting.
- Administer corticosteroid drops.
- Attend post-op exam to measure the IOP.
- Proper hygine, medications, dressings.
- Do not contaminate the wound.
- Signs and symptoms of infection - when and how to report to allow for early
recognition.
- Follow restrictions on head positioning, bending, coughing, and Valsalva
maneuver.
- Instilling eye medications.
- Relieving pain.
- Follow-up appointments.
- If eye shield is used, careful mobility and planning. Right Ans - cataract
______ ______ is the separation of the sensory retina and the underlying pigment
epithelium, with fluid accumulation between the two layers. Right Ans -
retinal detachment
The most common cause of ______ ______ is retinal break - an interruption in the
full thickness of the retinal tissue.
,- Can be classified as tears (vitreous humor shrinks during aging and pulls on
the retina) or holes (atrophic, spontaneous). Right Ans - retinal
detachment
______ tears when the traction force exceeds the strength of the retina.
- Once broken, liquid vitreous can enter the subretinal space, causing
hematogenous retinal detachment. Right Ans - retina
When considering ______ ______, the area of visual loss corresponds inversely to
the area of detachment. Right Ans - retinal detachment
Risk factors for ______ ______ includes...
- Old age
- Previous cataract surgery
- Eye trauma
- Family or personal history
- Severe myopia Right Ans - retinal detachment
Clinical manifestations of ______ ______ includes...
- Light flashes
- Floaters
- Cobweb, hairnet, or ring vision
- Loss of peripheral or ventral vision
- "Curtain" Right Ans - retinal detachment
Objectives for treatment for ______ ______ are to seal any retinal breaks and
relieve inward traction and includes...
- Laser Photocoagulation
- Cryopexy
- Scleral Buckling
- Vitrectomy
- Pneumatic Retinopexy Right Ans - retinal detachment
______ ______ is used to treat retinal detachment by sealing any breaks. Right
Ans - laser photocoagulation
______ is used to treat retinal detachment by freezing the retinal break and
creates a scar to seal the break. Right Ans - cryopexy
, ______ ______ is used to treat retinal detachment by placing a band to promote
contact between the retina and buckled sclera. Right Ans - scleral buckling
______ is used to treat retinal detachment by removing the vitreous to relieve
traction on the retina. Right Ans - vitrectomy
______ ______ is used to treat retinal detachment by injecting gas to form a
bubble that closes retinal breaks. Right Ans - pneumatic retinopexy
Before surgery for ______ ______ give medications, take quick action, educate,
signs and symptoms of retinal detachment, and use of proper protective
eyewear. Right Ans - retinal detachment
______-______ ______ ______ is related to retinal aging - atrophy and degeneration
of macular cells occurs which can promote the growth of new blood vessels in
an abnormal location in the retinal epithelium which can leak fluid and bleed
causing scare tissue to gradually form.
- Includes Dry and Wet AMD Right Ans - age-related macular degeneration
(AMD)
______ ______ is the most common for of AMD and is characterized by...
- Close vision tasks becoming harder.
- Macular cells start to atrophy.
- Progressive vision loss. Right Ans - dry AMD
______ ______ is the more severe type of AMD and has risk of potential blindness.
It is characterized by...
- Development of abnormal blood vessels in or near the macula.
- Presence dry AMD before wet AMD. Right Ans - wet AMD
Risk Factors for ______ includes...
- Old age
- Family history
- Genetic factors
- Light-colored iris
- High C-reactive protein levels
- Smoking
- Hypertension Right Ans - AMD
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