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NRSG 357 Final Exam – Questions With Solutions (Pass!)
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NRSG 357 Final Exam – Questions With Solutions (Pass!)
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NRSG 357 Final Exam – Questions With Solutions(Pass!)
What is the difference between the aqueous humor and vitreous humor?
Right Ans - aqueous humor: watery fluid between the cornea and the lens;
maintains pressure, provides nutrition
Vitreous humor/gel: clear gel behind the lens, in front of the retina; must be
clear enough to allow light to pass thru
What are some examples of normal eye changes as we age? Right Ans - -
dryness
-changes in color perception, especially blue and violet
-cataracts
-slower recovery of pupil or focus
-blurring of vision
________ is also called nearsightedness Right Ans - myopia
can see things close up but not far away
______ is also called farshightedness Right Ans - hyperopia; might also be
called presbyopia
can see things far away but not close up
what is astigmatism? Right Ans - defect in the eye or lens caused by a
deviation from spherical curvature that results in distorted images
what is aphakia? Right Ans - absence of the lens of the eye (surgically or
congenital anomaly);
what are two nursing considerations for patients with vision loss? Right
Ans - -help patients maintain as much independence as possible
-adjust environment to ensure patient safety: increase lighting, remove rugs,
etc.
sudden visual loss of any type is ____ ________ Right Ans - an emergency
,what are cataracts? Right Ans - an opacity in the lens that distorts images
projected onto the retina
what are some clinical manifestations of cataracts? Right Ans - -gradual
vision loss, decreased vision overall
-abnormal color perception
-glare, especially at night when the pupil dilates
-milky appearance of the eye
what are some risk factors for developing cataracts? Right Ans - -age
-trauma: blunt or penetrating
-radiation/UV light exposure
-corticosteroid use
-poorly controlled diabetes
true or false: patients typically have pain with cataracts Right Ans - false:
there is no pain associated with cataracts (typically)
true or false: age related cataract formation is associated with pain and eye
redness Right Ans - false
true or false: early manifestations of cataracts include blurred vision and
decreased color perception Right Ans - true
true or false: a cataract is opacity of the lens that distorts the image projected
onto the retina Right Ans - true
true or false: cataracts will develop in both eyes at the same rate Right Ans
- false
what is nonsurgical treatment (glasses, increased lighting, lifestyle
adjustment) considered for patients with cataracts? Right Ans - palliative
not curative
what are some nonsurgical treatments of cataracts? Right Ans - -prescribe
or change the prescription of glasses
-increased lighting
-adjust lifestyle (not driving at night to avoid glare, remove clutter at home)
,what is done in cataract surgery/how are cataracts removed? Right Ans -
phacoemulsification--an ultrasonic tool breaks up the cataract into tiny pieces,
which is then sucked out of the eye and an artificial lens is replaced
what are 3 eye drops patients might get before cataract/eye surgery? Right
Ans - -mydriatic: dilates the pupil
-cycloplegic: paralyzes ciliary muscle--paralysis of accommodation
-NSAID drops: helps keep inflammation down, maintains pupil dilation
what is important to teach the patient pre-op and post-op regarding eye
drops? Right Ans - -how to properly self-administer eye drops
-the frequency that drops must be administered
-potential side effects of the drugs
what patient teaching is important pre-op regarding cataract surgery?
Right Ans - inform patients that they will be awake but reassure them that
they will not feel pain; this will decrease their anxiety for the surgery
what is one nursing consideration with mydriatic eye drops? Right Ans -
can elevate BP and HR, especially in elderly patients
what are some safety concerns/considerations after cataract surgery?
Right Ans - -depth perception will be off w/ eyepatch
-remove rugs and clutter to avoid falls
-wear eyepatch to prevent rubbing/scratching
-avoid activities that increase IOP
name examples of activities that increase IOP: Right Ans - -bending from
the waist
-blowing their nose
-straining to have a BM
-vomiting
-sexual intercourse
health promotion activities to prevent cataracts: Right Ans - -sunglasses
when outside
-avoid UV exposure/radiation
-increase intake of vitamins C and E
, what might you teach your patient regarding pain after surgery for cataracts?
Right Ans - -should have little to no pain
-take mild analgesics for pain (Tylenol)
what signs and symptoms would need to be reported to the healthcare
provider after cataract surgery? Right Ans - -extreme eye pain
-discharge from the eye
-temperature (may indicate infection)
-decrease in vision
-increase in redness
define retinopathy Right Ans - process of microvascular damage to the
retina that leads to blurred vision and progressive vision loss
what are the different types of retinopathy? Right Ans - -nonproliferative
-proliverative
-hypertension
________ retinopathy is the most common, and is characterized by
microaneurysms, retinal swelling, and hard exudates Right Ans -
nonproliferative
_______ retinopathy is characterized by growth of new blood vessels that are
fragile and leak, which causes severe vision loss Right Ans - proliferative
true/false: proliferative retinopathy progresses into non-proliferative
retinopathy Right Ans - false:
non-proliferative may progress into proliferative
________ retinopathy is caused by blockages in retinal blood vessels due to high
blood pressure Right Ans - hypertension
define retinal detachment: Right Ans - separation of the sensory retina and
underlying pigment endothelium (eye wall) with fluid accumulation between
the two layers
what are some risk factors and/or medical histories that put patients at risk
for retinal detachment? Right Ans - -diabetic retinopathy
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