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Samenvatting - Internationaal recht
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In dit document vind je een volledige samenvatting van internationaal recht, voor het open boek examen.
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2024International recht
NEDERLANDS DEEL
KATRIEN VANDENPLAS
,Internationaal recht
Contents
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1. basiskenmerken van internationaal recht .................................................................. 6
1.1.Definitie ............................................................................................................. 6
1.2. functies ............................................................................................................. 7
1.3. basiskenmerken ................................................................................................ 8
1.3.1. afwezigheid van een centrale wetgever ....................................................... 8
1.3.2. afwezigheid van een centrale rechter .......................................................... 8
1.3.3. afwezigheid van een centrale instantie voor rechtshandhaving .................... 9
1.3.4. afhankelijkheid van de nationale rechtsorden voor tenuitvoerlegging ......... 10
1.3.5. zeer gedifferentieerd recht – fragmentatie ................................................. 10
Deel 1: bronnen van internationaal recht .................................................................... 12
2. verdragsrecht ........................................................................................................ 12
2.1. inleiding .......................................................................................................... 12
2.2. definitie ........................................................................................................... 13
2.3. soorten ........................................................................................................... 16
2.4. bekendmaking ................................................................................................ 17
2.5. totstandkoming van verdragen ........................................................................ 17
2.5.1. opstellen van de verdragstekst.................................................................. 17
2.5.2. uitdrukken van de wilsuiting ...................................................................... 18
2.5.3. parlementaire instemming......................................................................... 19
2.6. voorbehouden (art. 19-23 WVV) ...................................................................... 20
2.7. inwerkingtreding ............................................................................................. 22
2.8. naleving .......................................................................................................... 23
2.9. toepassing (art. 28-30 WVV) ........................................................................... 24
2.10. uitlegging ...................................................................................................... 25
2.11. gevolgen tegenover 3de ................................................................................. 27
2.12. nietigheid ...................................................................................................... 27
2.13. amendering en wijziging ................................................................................ 29
2.14. beëindiging en opschorting ........................................................................... 29
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, 2.14.1. algemeen ............................................................................................... 29
2.14.2. opzegging of terugtrekking ..................................................................... 30
2.14.3. sluiten van een later verdrag ................................................................... 31
2.14.4 wanprestatie............................................................................................ 31
2.14.5. overmacht .............................................................................................. 32
2.14.6. rebus sic stantibus.................................................................................. 32
Hoofdstuk 3: andere bronnen van internationaal recht – verhouding tss de bronnen ... 33
3.1. gewoonterecht ................................................................................................ 33
3.1.2. Soorten .................................................................................................... 35
3.1.3. Codificatie ................................................................................................ 36
3.2. algemene rechtsbeginselen ............................................................................. 37
3.3. rechtspraak en rechtsleer................................................................................ 38
3.4. billijkheid ......................................................................................................... 38
3.5. eenzijdige rechtshandelingen .......................................................................... 39
3.5.1. staten ....................................................................................................... 39
3.5.2. internationale organisaties ........................................................................ 40
3.6. soft law/ informele rechtsvorming .................................................................... 40
3.7. hiërarchie van de rechtsbronnen ..................................................................... 42
Hoofdstuk 4: verhouding en wisselwerking tss internationaal en nationaal recht .......... 43
4.1. positie van het nationale recht in de internationale rechtsorde .......................... 43
4.2. positie van het internationaal recht in de nationale rechtsorde .......................... 44
4.3. doorwerking van internationaalrechtelijke regels in de nationale rechtsorde ...... 44
4.3.1. wanneer zijn internationaalrechtelijke regels deel van de Belgische
rechtsordes ........................................................................................................ 45
4.3.2. instrumenten van doorwerking in het interne recht .................................... 46
4.3.3. internationaal gewoonterecht in de Belgische rechtsorde .......................... 47
4.3.4. Verhouding internationaal recht en de grondwet ........................................ 47
Deel 2: subjecten ...................................................................................................... 49
Hoofdstuk 5: staten ................................................................................................... 49
5.1. definitie (= 3 elementenleer) ............................................................................ 49
5.1.1. constitutieve bestanddelen ....................................................................... 50
5.1.2. fundamentele kenmerken ......................................................................... 51
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, 5.1.3. “Voorbehouden domein” (“domaine réservé”) ........................................... 52
5.2. staatsvorming ................................................................................................. 53
5.2.1. Totstandkoming van staten ....................................................................... 53
5.2.2. Verwerving van grondgebied .................................................................... 53
5.2.3. erkenning ................................................................................................. 54
5.2.4. statenopvolging ........................................................................................ 55
Hoofdstuk 6: niet-statelijke actoren ............................................................................ 57
6.1. internationale organisaties ............................................................................... 57
6.2. heilige stoel ..................................................................................................... 58
6.3. bevrijdingsbewegingen .................................................................................... 58
6.4. individuen ....................................................................................................... 59
6.4.1. een recent en fragmentarisch verschijnsel ................................................ 59
6.4.2. internationale strafrechtelijke verschijnsel .................................................. 59
6.5. niet-gouvermentele organisaties (NGO’s) ........................................................ 63
6.6. Transnationale Ondernemingen ....................................................................... 64
Hoofdstuk 7: jurisdictie over personen en grondgebied .............................................. 65
7.1. Territoriale jurisdictie ....................................................................................... 66
7.1.1. Grondgebied ............................................................................................ 66
7.2. Extraterritoriale jurisdictie ................................................................................ 67
7.2.1. personele jurisdictie .................................................................................. 67
Hoofdstuk 8: jurisdictie over zee, Antarctica en de ruimte ........................................... 74
8.1. Internationaal recht van de zee ........................................................................ 75
8.1.1. Territoriale zee .......................................................................................... 76
8.1.2. Andere maritieme zones ........................................................................... 77
8.2. Internationaal recht van de ruimte ................................................................... 81
8.2.1. Juridisch regime ....................................................................................... 81
8.2.2. Internationale organisaties actief op het gebied van de ruimte ................... 81
8.3. Het internationaal recht inzake Antarctica ........................................................ 82
Hoofdstuk 9: immuniteiten ......................................................................................... 83
9.1. Immuniteiten van vreemde staten en Ohsfunctionarissen ................................. 83
9.1.1. basisbegrippen ......................................................................................... 83
9.1.2. Immuniteit van vreemde staten ................................................................. 84
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Katrien Vandenplas
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