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NURS 306 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH 100- CORRECT ANSWERS.
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NURS 306 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH 100- CORRECT ANSWERS.
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NURS 306 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONSWITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
What is HTN? and AKA? - ANSWER -consistent elevation of systemic arterial BP
- AKA "silent killer" b/c it's asymptomatic, until it starts affecting a body system
- Normal BP?
- Pre-HTN BP?
- HTN, stage 1 BP?
- HTN, stage 2 BP? - ANSWER -Normal: <120/80
Pre-HTN: 120-139 OR 80-89
HTN stage 1: 140-159 OR 90-99
HTN stage 2: >/= 160 OR >/= 100
Pathophysiology of HTN? - ANSWER -results from a sustained *increase in peripheral
resistance* (arteriolar vasoconstriction), and *increase in circulating blood volume*, or both
Types of HTN? - ANSWER -- Primary HTN (aka essential/Idiopathic HTN)
- Secondary HTN
- Isolated systolic
- Malignant
What is Primary HTN? - ANSWER -result of complicated interaction of *genetics* and the
*environment* mediated by a host of *neurohumoral effects* (SNS, RAAS, and natriuretic
hormones), and *promotes inflammation and insulin resistance*
Pressure-Natriuresis Relationship - ANSWER -shifts when there's an *increased vascular
volume* that is R/T a *decrease in renal excretion of salt*
NURS 306 Exam 2 Study Guide questions with 100% correct answers
,Meaning...that for a given BP, individuals w/ HTN tend to secrete less salt in their urine
Role of Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) in HTN - ANSWER -Increased SNS activity causes
increased HR and systemic vasoconstriction, thus raising BP
Mechanisms of SNS-induced HTN - ANSWER -- Structural changes in blood vessels
- Insulin resistance
- Renal sodium retention
- Increases renin and angiotensin levels
- Procoagulant effects
Role of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) in HTN - ANSWER -Overactivity of RAAS
contributes to salt and water retention and increases vascular resistance
What is arterial remodeling and what is it mediated by? - ANSWER -- It's mediated by
angiotensin II
- It is a structural change in peripheral resistance and contributes to atherogenesis
Population w/ increased incidence of HTN - ANSWER -- high dietary sodium intake
- low dietary potassium, calcium, and magnesium intake
*w/o intake of potassium, calcium, and magnesium, sodium is retained
What is Secondary HTN caused by? - ANSWER -caused by *underlying disease process* or
*medication that raises peripheral vascular resistance or cardiac output (CO)*
What is Isolated Systolic HTN? - ANSWER -When systolic BP is >140mm Hg and diastolic BP
<90mm Hg
What is Malignant HTN? - ANSWER -aka Hypertensive crisis
NURS 306 Exam 2 Study Guide questions with 100% correct answers
, - rapidly progressive HTN in which *diastolic pressure* is usually >140 mm Hg
What are some Modifiable Risk Factors for HTN? - ANSWER -- Cigarette Smoking
- Obesity
- Heavy Alcohol Consumption
- High Dietary Sodium Intake
- Low Dietary Intake of Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium
What are some Unmodifiable Risk Factors for HTN? - ANSWER -- Family Hx
- Advancing age
- Gender
- Black race
Complications of HTN? - ANSWER -- Cerebrovascular accident
- Aortic dissection
- Myocaridal Infarction
- Renal failure
Treatment for HTN? - ANSWER -Lifestyle modifications
- exercise program
- dietary modifications
- stop smoking
- lose weight
- reduce salt intake
Drugs used to treat HTN - ANSWER -1) Thiazide Diuretics
NURS 306 Exam 2 Study Guide questions with 100% correct answers
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