Anatomy BIOL-N 261 Practice Exam 1
questions with complete solution 2024
Anatomy j- jANS✓✓-study jof jinternal jand jexternal jstructures jof jthe jhuman
jbody. jGiven jthat jspecific jstructures jperform jspecific jfunctions, jtherefore,
jstructure jdetermines jfunction
Microscopic janatomy j- jANS✓✓-study jof jbody jstructures jthat jcannot jbe
jviewed jwithout jmagnification, jincludes jcytology jand jhistology
Gross janatomy j- jANS✓✓-study jof jbody jstructures jwhich jare jvisible jwithout
jthe jaid jof jmagnification j(visible jto jthe jnaked jeye)
Developmental jAnatomy j- jANS✓✓-study jof jstructural jchanges jthat joccur
jfrom jconception jto jphysical jmaturity
Comparative jAnatomy j- jANS✓✓-study jof jthe janatomy jof jdifferent jtypes jof
janimals
Pathological jAnatomy j- jANS✓✓-study jof jstructural jchanges jin jcells, jtissues
jand jorgans jcaused jby jdisease
Radiographic jAnatomy j- jANS✓✓-study jof jthe jinternal jbody jstructures jby
jusing jnon-invasive jimaging jtechniques j(x-ray j& jultrasound)
Surgical jAnatomy j- jANS✓✓-study jof janatomical jlandmarks, jwhich jare
jimportant jto jsurgical jprocedures
Chemical jlevel j- jANS✓✓-atoms jcombine jto jform jsmall jmolecules j(water,
jcarbon jdioxide) jand jlarger jmacromolecules j(lipids, jproteins, jnucleic jacid)
Cellular jlevel j- jANS✓✓-cells jare jcomprised jof jmolecules; jthey jare jthe
jsmallest jliving junits jin jthe jbody; jcellular jorganelles jare jtheir jfunctional
jsubunits
Tissue jlevel j- jANS✓✓-similar jtypes jof jcells, jwith ja jcommon jfunction,
jcombine jto jform jtissues; jfour jprimary jtissue jtypes jcomprise jall jorgans jof
jthe jhuman jbody
,Organ jlevel j- jANS✓✓-more jthan jone jtissue jtype j(often jall jfour jtissues)
jcombine jto jform jorgans; jextremely jcomplex jphysiological jprocesses joccur
jat jthis jlevel
Organ jSystem jLevel j- jANS✓✓-organs jthat jwork jclosely jtogether jcombine
jto jform jan jorgan jsystem, jto jaccomplish ja jcommon jpurpose; jthere jare j11
jorgan jsystems jof jthe jhuman jbody.
Human jOrganism j- jANS✓✓-the jhighest jlevel jof jstructural jorganization; jthis
jis jthe jcombination jof jall jthe jorgan jsystems jfunctioning jtogether jto jsustain
jthe jlife jof jthe jorganism
Integumentary jSystem j- jANS✓✓-(epidermis jand jdermis) jProtection jfrom
jenvironmental jhazards, jtemperature jcontrol; jaccessory jstructures jare jhair
jfollicles, jsweat j(sudoriferous) jglands jand joil j(sebaceous) jglands
Skeletal jSystem j- jANS✓✓-Support, jprotection jof jsoft jtissues, jmineral
jstorage, jblood jformation
Muscular jSystem j- jANS✓✓-Locomotion, jsupport, jheat jproduction
Nervous jSystem j- jANS✓✓-Directing jimmediate jresponses jto jstimuli, jusually
jby jcoordinating jthe jactivities jof jother jorgan jsystems
Endocrine jSystem j- jANS✓✓-comprised jof jglands, jwhich jsecrete jhormones
jthat jregulate jprocesses j(such jas jmetabolism, jgrowth, jreproduction) jof jthe
jother jorgan jsystems
Cardiovascular jSystem j- jANS✓✓-comprised jof jthe jheart, jblood jvessels, jand
jthe jblood jto jtransport jmaterials j(such jas jrespiratory jgases, jnutrients jand
jwastes) jwithin jthe jbody
Lymphoid j(Lymphatic j& jImmune) jSystem j- jANS✓✓-comprised jof jthe
jlymphatic jvessels, jlymphoid jorgans j(lymph jnodes, jthymus, jspleen),
jlymphocytes, jand jlymphoid jtissue; jreturns jleaked jfluid jto jblood; jprovides
jdefense jagainst jpathogens jand jdisease jby jhousing jwhite jblood jcells
j(lymphocytes) jthat jfunction jin jimmunity
Respiratory jSystem j- jANS✓✓-comprised jof jthe jnasal jcavities, jpharynx,
jlarynx, jtrachea, jbronchi, jand jthe jlungs; jmaintains jthe jblood's jconstant
jsupply jof joxygen jand jremoval jof jcarbon jdioxide jby jdelivering jair jto jthe
jlungs jwhere jgas jexchange joccurs jat jthe jalveoli j(air jsacs jof jthe jlungs)
, Digestive jSystem j- jANS✓✓-comprised jof jthe jgastrointestinal jtract j(or
jalimentary jcanal) jand jaccessory jstructures, jwhich jtogether jfunction jto
jprocess jfood jand jabsorb jnutrients
Urinary jSystem j- jANS✓✓-comprised jof jthe jkidneys, jureters, jthe jurinary
jbladder, jand jthe jurethra; jfunctions jto jeliminate jexcess jwater, jsalts, jand
jnitrogenous jwastes jfrom jthe jbody; jregulates jwater, jelectrolyte, jand jacid-
base jbalance jof jthe jblood
Reproductive jSystem j- jANS✓✓-comprised jof jgonads j(testes jin jthe jmale,
jovaries jin jthe jfemale), jaccessory jorgans jand jexternal jgenitalia, joverall
jfunction jis jto jproduce jsex jcells jand jhormones jfor jthe jpurpose jof
jproducing joffspring; jthe jfemale jreproductive jsystem jsupports jembryonic
jdevelopment
Anatomical jPosition j- jANS✓✓-person jis jstanding jupright, jarms jat jsides,
jpalms jfacing jforward, jfeet jflat jon jfloor, jface jstraight jahead
Axial jRegion j- jANS✓✓-consists jof jthe jhead, jneck, jand jtorso
Appendicular jRegion j- jANS✓✓-consists jof jthe jupper jand jlower jlimbs j(for
jextremities)
Superior j(cranial j& jcephalic) j- jANS✓✓-above jor jtowards jthe jhead
Interior j(caudal) j- jANS✓✓-below jor jtowards jthe jfeet
Anterior j(ventral) j- jANS✓✓-toward jthe jfront jof jthe jbody; jin jfront jof j(the
jfront jor jbelly jside)
Posterior j(dorsal) j- jANS✓✓-toward jor jat jthe jback jof jthe jbody; jbehind j(the
jback jside)
Medial j- jANS✓✓-toward jthe jmidline jof jthe jbody; jon jthe jinner jside jof
Lateral j- jANS✓✓-away jfrom jthe jmidline jof jthe jbody; jtoward jthe jsides jor
jon jthe jouter jsides jof j(the jears jare jlateral jto jthe jnose)
Proximal j- jANS✓✓-closer jto jwhere jthe jarm jor jleg jinserts jinto jthe jbody
j(the jknee jis jproximal jto jthe jankle)
Distal j- jANS✓✓-further jaway jfrom jwhere jthe jarm jor jleg jinserts jinto jthe
jbody j(the jwrist jis jdistal jto jthe jelbow)
Superficial j(external) j- jANS✓✓-closer jto jor jat jthe jbody jsurface j(the jskin jis
jsuperficial jto jthe jheart)