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EEOB 2520 exam 2 Questions and Answers (100% Pass)

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what are the three fluid compartments? Plasma, interstitial fluid, intracellular in what order from largest to smallest are the fluid compartments? intracellular, interstitial fluid, plasma what is the barrier between IF and intracellular fluid? cell membrane what is the barrier between pl...

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1|Page | © copyright Master01| Grade A+

EEOB 4550 Exam 2 Questions and
Answers (100% Pass)
Why is the speed of an action potential important?

✓ resting potential, action potential increase in membrane voltage, and

action potential duration are about the same in all organisms, but

action potential speed varies greatly

✓

✓ speed is a limiting factor; things need to be processed in biologically

relevant time and propagation speed limits how big an organism can

be and how complex

✓

✓ faster conduction allows for larger size

✓

✓ humans would not have developed their size or complexity without the

speed we have in action potentials

On what two properties of a neuron does the speed of an action potential

depend?

Master01 |Excellent Study Material| Latest update

, 1|Page | © copyright Master01| Grade A+

✓ length constant and time constant

✓

✓ fastest action potential = small tau and large lambda

✓

✓ lamda (amplitude)- the distance at which delta Vm is reduced to 37%

of the original Vm; increased lambda means increased distance and

increased speed

✓

✓ tau (slope)- time required for voltage change to reach 63% of its final

value; want to minimize tau; decreased tau means increased change

in Vm and increased speed

How do invertebrates increase the speed of conduction?

Master01 |Excellent Study Material| Latest update

, 1|Page | © copyright Master01| Grade A+

✓ large diameter axons

✓

✓ as diameter increases, speed increases

✓

✓ affects the cable properties (tau and lambda) of the axon- increases

lambda and decreases tau

✓

✓ tau is controlled by the change in resistance

✓ - Rm decreases because larger diameter means more ion channels

(Rm proportional to 1/D)

✓ - Ri decreases because as you move away there is less attraction (emf)

but as the diameter increases the attraction of ions to other ions down

stream increases and there is more room for the charge to move (less

friction) (Ri is proportional to 1/D2)

✓ - Capacitance increases as diameter increases which is in the wrong

direction but it does not have as big of an effect as resistance

✓

✓ lambda is also affected change in resistance

✓ - lambda is proportional to Rm/Ri

✓ - Rm is is proportional to 1/D and Ri to 1/D2

Master01 |Excellent Study Material| Latest update

, 1|Page | © copyright Master01| Grade A+

✓ - substitution gets you that lambda is proportional to D2/D which equals

D, so diameter increases, lambda increases

✓ - conduction velocity can be increased by increasing rm or decreasing

Ri since lambda is proportional to Rm/Ri

✓ - Ri is decreased in large axons

drawback to large axons in invertebrates

✓ take up more space

✓

✓ energetically expensive

When are large axons used?

Master01 |Excellent Study Material| Latest update

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