The First Amendment is based on the _____________ philosophy that people cannot govern
themselves in a democracy unless they have access to the information they need for that
governance. - answer✔c. libertarian
The _____________ principle is represented by the paired ideas that the free flow or trade of
ideas ensures that public discourse will allow the truth to emerge and that truth will emerge
from this public discourse because people are inherently rational and good. - answer✔d. self-
righting
When discussing the First Amendment, Supreme Court Justice Hugo Black said, "No law means
no law." He was expressing the _____________ position on the freedom of press and speech. -
answer✔a. absolutist
Because freedom of the press can be limited if the likely result is damaging, there is no absolute
freedom of expression in the case of: - answer✔a. clear and present danger
The philosophy of _____________ states that, in individual First Amendment cases, several
factors should be weighed in determining how much freedom the press is granted. - answer✔a.
balancing of interests
A culture's fundamental values are its: - answer✔metaethics
7. Media practitioners who put their ethical values into action are using: - answer✔a. applied
ethics
The false and malicious publication of material that damages a person's reputation (typically
applied to print media) is: - answer✔a. libel
Oral or spoken defamation of a person's character (typically applied to broadcasting) is: -
answer✔a. slander
The basis for the test of _____________ is the idea that the press cannot be deterred from
covering legislative, court, or other public activities for fear that the comments of a speaker or
witness will open it to claims of libel or slander. - answer✔a. privilege
When a media outlet distributes content with knowledge of its falsity or a reckless disregard for
the truth, it has acted with: - answer✔a. actual malice
The power of the government to prevent the publication or broadcast of expression is called: -
answer✔prior restraint
According to the FCC, language or material that depicts sexual or excretory activities in a way
that is offensive to contemporary community standards is: - answer✔a. indecent
The controversial 2010 Supreme Court First Amendment decision, ___________, granted
corporations and labor unions the same free speech rights as individuals. - answer✔a. Citizens
United v. FEC
Among the regulatory requirements that disappeared during the broadcast deregulation
movement of the Reagan administration is _____________, which required broadcasters to
cover issues of public importance and to be fair in that coverage. - answer✔a. the Fairness
Doctrine
Identifying and granting ownership of a given piece of expression, _____________ is designed
to protect the creator's financial interest in that expression. - answer✔a. copyright
Once the copyright on a piece of expression expires and is not renewed, the material passes
into _____________, meaning it can be used without permission - answer✔a. public domain
_____________ asserts that media must remain free of government control, but in exchange
must serve the public. Its core assumptions are a cross between the libertarian principles of
freedom and the practical admissions of the need for some form of control over the media. -
answer✔a. Social responsibility theory
The issue of _____________, an important tool of journalism, involves the ability of media
professionals to keep secret the names of people who provide them with information. -
answer✔a. confidentiality
In addition to industry professional codes, many media organizations have formulated their
own institutional policies for conduct. In the case of the broadcast networks, these are
enforced by: - answer✔a. standards and practices departments
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