What is the ALARA principle? - answer✔As Low As Reasonably Achievable - want the dose to be
as low as possible while still obtaining a good image (don't over-radiate the patient for no
benefit)
List generic skills of a medical radiation science practitioner - answer✔Technical accuracy
Highly Trained
Specialized
Scientific knowledge
Radiation Safety knowledge and application
Clinical reasoning and evidence-based practice
Professional and ethical
High level interpersonal skills
Critical Thinker
Supportive Care Needs
Ethical, reflective practitioner
Committed to life-long learning
Clinical Management
Advocate for your patients
Empathy
Cultural awareness
Who discovered the X-ray and when? - answer✔Wilhelm Roentgen, November 8, 1895
How did Roentgen discover x-rays? - answer✔He passed a current through a Crooke's tube that
was covered in black photographic paper to block any light, accelerating electrons from the
negative cathode to the positive anode. He realised that a screen painted with fluorescent
material (barium platinocyanide) lying nearby was glowing despite no light escaping the
Crookes tube, and that the fluorescence increase the closer it was to the tube. He then
experimented with other objects to see whether the rays would pass through them. He took
the first x-ray of his wife's hand on December 22 1895, then present his paper "on a new ray" 6
days later.
Particulate radiation - answer✔Radiation involving fast moving particles with high moving
kinetic energy capable of ionizing e.g alpha and beta particles
What are the routes of cancer spread? - answer✔Vascular - via bloodstream
Lymphatic e.g breat to axillary nodes
Body cavities e.g lung into pleura
Natural passages e.g renal cancer to bladder via ureter
Inoculation/ surgical contamination
What is the main aim of radiation therapy? - answer✔Kill tumour cells before they can spread
systemically or reduce size of tumours to help symptoms
Achieve maximum tumour cell kill with minimal normal tissue damage
What proportion of electron kinetic energy is converted into x-ray photons? - answer✔1% -
other 99% is heat!
List the four prime exposure factors - answer✔kVp (kilovoltage peak)
mA (milliamperes)
Seconds (exposure time)
SID (source to image distance)
What is the 15% rule? - answer✔The 15% rule states that changing the kilovoltage peak by 15%
will have the same effect on radiographic density as doubling the mAs or reducing the mAs by
50%.
What are the 3 types of beam filtration? - answer✔inherent - glass housing of X-ray tube and
mirror
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