PSYC 012 Chapter 10: Introduction to Simple Experiments UPDATED Questions and CORRECT Answers
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Course
PSYC 012
Institution
PSYC 012
PSYC 012 Chapter 10: Introduction to
Simple Experiments UPDATED Questions
and CORRECT Answers
Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about studies that include a manipulated variable. -
CORRECT ANSWER- When researchers manipulate a variable in a study, they are
carrying out a(n) [experi...
PSYC 012 Chapter 10: Introduction to
Simple Experiments UPDATED Questions
and CORRECT Answers
Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about studies that include a manipulated variable. -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- When researchers manipulate a variable in a study, they are
carrying out a(n) [experiment]. The manipulated variable is often called the [independent]
variable. A manipulated variable always has more than one level, or [condition]. Researchers
measure the [dependent] variable to determine the effect of the manipulated variable on it.
Researchers often keep certain other factors constant on purpose. This kind of variable is
called a(n) [control] variable.
Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about within-groups designs. - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- In a within-groups design, each participant experiences all levels of the
[independent variable]. There are two types of this design. The first is the [repeated-
measures] design, in which researchers expose participants to various levels of the
independent variable and measure the dependent variable after each exposure. The second is
the [concurrent-measures] design, in which participants interact with the various levels of the
independent variable simultaneously.
Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about experiments that use different participants for
the different conditions. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Experiments that compare different
participants who are placed in different conditions are known as [independent-groups]
designs. There are two basic forms of this design. The first is the [posttest-only] design, in
which participants are tested on the dependent variable only once after the manipulation. The
second is the [pretest/posttest] design, in which participants are tested on the dependent
variable before and after the manipulation.
Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about an example of an experimental design that
establishes all three causal criteria. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Sonia wants to examine the
impact of phone calls versus texting on friendship quality. She carefully designs her study to
establish all three causal criteria. She randomly assigns participants to either only call their
best friend for 2 days or only text their best friend for 2 days. Using random assignment
ensures that the participants in the phone call and texting conditions are not systematically
different, which establishes [internal validity].
After the 2 days, she confirms that all participants followed the study instructions and asks
participants to respond to five questions about the quality of their relationship with their best
friend. Because the manipulation of type of communication (phone call versus text) comes
, first in time before the measurement of friendship quality, Sonia establishes [temporal
precedence]. Sonia finds that participants who call their friend report better friendship quality
than participants who text with their friend, a finding that establishes [covariance].
Abhinav wants to investigate whether music genre affects concentration levels. He wants his
participants to listen to two genres of music, classical music and pop music, while looking at
a list of phone numbers.
He recruits participants from his general psychology course and randomly assigns them to
one of two sequences. Half of the participants first listen to classical music while looking at
the list of numbers, then take a recall quiz, then listen to pop music while looking at the list of
numbers, and then take the recall quiz again. The other half of participants complete the tasks
in the opposite order, with pop music coming first and classical music following. In addition
to the recall quizzes, participants also respond to a question asking them whether the music
affected their concentration. Abhinav finds the following results: d = −0.24, 95% CI [−.43,
−.05].
Which of the following validities are established - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Established:
statistical validity
construct validity
internal validity
Not Established:
external validity
In psychology lab, Tetiana is conducting an experiment on depth perception using a box with
two vertical rods and a ruler. The participant moves the rods until they appear to be aligned at
the same distance, and then the experimenter measures how far out of alignment they are.
Participants complete the task first with only their left eye open, then with only their right eye
open, and then with both eyes open.
Identify the components of Tetiana's study. Not all items will have a match. - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- independent variable:
eye(s) used
dependent variable:
rod's distance out of alignment
study design:
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