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NURS 1060 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
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NURS 1060 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE Fluid and Electrolytes the physiological mechanisms that maintain fluid and electrolyte balance that promote bodily functions Fluid and Electrolyte imbalances are caused by... Fluid and Electrolyte imbalan...

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  • November 18, 2024
  • 38
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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NURS 1060 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE

Fluid and Electrolytes

the physiological mechanisms that maintain fluid and electrolyte balance that promote

bodily functions

Fluid and Electrolyte imbalances are caused by...

Fluid and Electrolyte imbalances are directly caused by illness or disease.



ex: burns or heart failure

Fluid and Electrolyte imbalances can be a result of...

therapeutic measures



ex: IV fluid replacement or diuretics

How may fluid and electrolyte imbalances be classified?

Excess or deficits



ex: patient with prolonged NG suction will love sodium and potassium

ECF volume

the volume outside of cells



- intravascular: plasma

,- transcellular: synovial, csf

- interstitial: between cells

Where do fluid volume changes occur?

ONLY outside of cells in ECF

- intravascular

Hypovolemia

ECF volume deficit

- decreased fluid in intravascular space

Hypervolemia and edema

ECF volume excess

- increased fluid in intravascular space

What can cause an ECF volume deficit?

abnormal loss of normal body fluids

- GI: vomiting, diarrhea, suctioning, fistulas, drainage, chronic laxative/enema abuse

- Renal: diuretics, renal disorders, endocrine disorders

Hemorrhage

Burns

Inadequate intake

How can GI system cause volume deficit?

vomiting, diarrhea, suctioning, fistulas, drainage, chronic laxative or enema abuse

How can Renal system cause volume deficit?

diuretics, renal disorders, endocrine disorders

True/False: Open wounds that are draining will result in electrolyte loss.

,True

Symptoms of ECF Volume Deficit

Initial symptoms:

- thirst, dry mucus membranes, reduced urine output, weakness, lethargy, postural

orthostatic hypotension



Possible hypovolemic shock: WORST THING

- hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, decreased or absent urine output and decreased

cardiac output



Coma, death, seizure

Assessment for ECF Volume Deficit

- monitor intake and output

- daily weights

- vital signs; incl orthostatic BP and pulse

- skin turgor, mucus membrane moisture, cap refill

- lab work - Increased H+H would mean blood is more concentrated due to low fluid

volume

If a patient comes in with a fluid deficit or excess what should we plan to assess?

Daily weights

How can we treat ECF Volume Deficit?

- replace water and electrolytes

- PO fluids rehydration; if A+O, not NPO

, - IV fluids: Isotonic solutions - normal saline ; esp if sodium level is low -> usually

ordered because rapidly increases volume

- Blood is administered when volume loss is a result of blood loss - when we lose blood

H+H decreases

What can we evaluate to determine if treatment for ECF Volume Deficit was

successful?

H+H normal, electrolytes normal, increased BP and HR, increased urine output

What is the most common reason for ECF Volume Excess?

Retention of sodium and water

- CHF, liver cirrhosis, renal failure, stress conditions; increased ADH and aldosterone.

- aldosterone works primarily in colon - increases absorption of salt and water

- ADH -> produce less urine -> increases absorption of water and sodium

What are causes of ECF volume excess?

- retention of sodium and water

- excessive intake of:

sodium containing foods, drugs that cause sodium retention, sodium-containing IV fluids

What is a drug that can cause sodium retention?

Diuretics cause sodium retention

Sodium bicarbonate

some corticosteroids

What can happen to people taking long term steroids?

gain weight due to retaining fluid

What are some symptoms of ECF Volume Excess?

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