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AP US History -- chapter 15 notes
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Chapter 15 notes from the AP US History textbook.
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- Chapter 15: The Age of Reform (1790-1860)- Big Ideas
- The Second Great Awakening, liberal social ideas from abroad, and Romantic
beliefs about human perfectibility fostered the rise of voluntary organizations to
promote religious and secular reforms, including abolition and women’s rights
- Various groups of American Indians, women, and religious followers developed
cultures reflecting their interests and experiences, as did regional groups and
emerging middle classes
- Liberalism in Religion
- Deism:
- Less revelation, more reliance on reason
- Less Bible, more science
- They still believed in God
- Unitarianism
- Disagreed with the religious revivals, critical of them
- Spinoff from less extreme Puritanism
- Humans have free will and the possibility of salvation by good works
- God not as stern Creator, but loving father
- Contrast with the hellfire doctrines of Calvinism
- Second Great Awakening (1790s)
- Reasons:
- Concern over lack of religious zeal
- Ideas of Deism and Unitarianism
- Wave of revivals spread across the country
- Frontier “camp meetings”
- Charles Finney: Revival preacher who leads revivals in New York area
in 1830s
- Presbyterian minister
- Created methods for speeding the process of converting
- Against slavery and alcohol
- Numerous citizens converted
- “Born again Christians”
- Boosted Church attendance
- New religious sects formed
- Methodists and Baptists
- Stressed personal conversion
- Democratic control of church affairs
- Emotionalism in worship
, - Increase in evangelicalism inspire reform efforts
- Prison reform
- Temperance
- Women’s movement
- Anti-slavery
- Key part of the Second Great Awakening was the key role of women in
religion
- Majority of new church members
- Women role of bringing family back to God
- Inspired involvement in various other reform efforts
- Mormons
- Joseph Smith - Creates Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
- Travels to Illinois
- Murdered in 1844
- Religion thrown into disarray
- Brigham Young leads the followers to Utah in 1846-1847
- Develops a separate community (“New Zion”)
- Prosperous cooperative frontier community
- Settlement increases by birthrate and immigrants from abroad
(Missionary)
- Utah will not be admitted into the union until 1896
- Issue of polygamy
- Dorothy Dix
- Worked tirelessly to reform mental health treatment-
- Traveled country to document the problem
- Leads to the professional treatment of the mentally ill
- Education Reform
- Tax supported schools were rare
- Benefits of Public Education:
- Instill republican values
- Instill discipline, hard work, reading, etc.
- Americanize immigrants
- Maine: Always on the forefront of public educational reform
- 1st state to establish tax support for local public school
- By 1860, every state offered free public education to whites
- US had one of the highest literacy rates
- Horace Mann: Secretary of Mass. Board of Education
- Longer school terms
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