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AP US HISTORY - chapter 11 notes
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Chapter 11: Jeffersonian America- Election of 1800
- Jefferson and Burr are running against Adams
- Tie between Jefferson and Burr
- Hamilton does everything to sway the House of Representatives to vote
for Jefferson because he hates Burr even more
- Causes the duel between Hamilton and Burr where Hamilton dies
- Federalists lost control of the executive and legislative branches
- Thomas Jefferson becomes the first Democratic-Republican president in history
- First peaceful transfer of power between political parties
- Shows Constitution was working smoothly
- Federalists and the Judicial Branch
- Very near the end to when Adams was president, after he lost election
- Federalists wanted to maintain some grip on power and passed the Judiciary Act
of 1789, appointed “Midnight Judges”
- Created new judicial positions in federal judicial and state judicial
- Appointed John Marshall as Chief Justice after John Jay retired
- Marshall was a very strong federalist
- Appointed William Marbury as Justice of the Peace in
Washington D.C. (District of Columbia)
- Now, democratic republicans took over the executive and legislative
branch, but federalists held power in the judicial area because of this
- Called the Midnight Judges appointed under the Judiciary Act
- Attempt by Adams to put federalist judges in place before he leaves office
- William Marbury sued Secretary of State James Madison for refusing to deliver
his commision
- Marbury vs. Madison (1803)
- Same time as Louisiana Purchase
- William Marbury sued Secretary of State James Madison for not filing the orders
that Adams put in his last few nights of being president once the Jefferson
Administration took over that would actually process his paperwork and appoint
him
- The case eventually works its way up to the Supreme Court, where John
Marshall is Chief Justice (Jefferson’s cousin)
- Supreme Court says Marbury can’t be appointed
- Marshall said part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional
- Established the idea of judicial review
- The Supreme Court has the power to declare federal laws unconstitutional
, - Jefferson saw this as almost a warning towards the democratic
republicans in the government
- Massive expansion of judicial power
- As a result, TJ gets some of the democratic republicans in the
House of Representatives to try to impeach a judge named Samuel
Chase
- Had kind of a loud mouth, so they found a bunch of
charges against him
- Almost like a warning to the federalists
- Senate has to approve the impeachment, and they say that
he hasn’t broken any laws or oath even though they didn’t
like him personally, and votes him not guilty
- As Chief Justice John Marshall will dramatically increase the power of the federal
government
- How Jeffersonian was Jefferson?
- (Refer to chapter 9-10 review for overview on info on Jeffersonian Republicans if
needed)
- Jeffersonian Policies:
- Eliminated excise taxes
- Lowered national debt
- Reduced military size
- Did not dismantle all federalist policies
- He keeps the Bank of the United States and Hamilton’s debt plan
- Attempted to buy New Orleans and part of Florida from France
- Napoleon offers to sell all of the Louisiana Territory for 15 million dollars
- Napoleon needed money to fight the Haitian revolution (slave revolt)
- Leader was Toussaint l'Ouverture
- Needed money to fight effectively against England
- Although the constitution did not say the president could not purchase foreign
land, Jefferson supported the deal
- Jefferson went against the beliefs of democratic-republicans
- Louisiana Purchase
- Napoleon Bonaparte crowns himself emperor of France
- The Treaty of Ildefonso: US was not supposed to know about; Spain was
going to trade the Louisiana Territory for other stuff; Jefferson freaks out
because 38% of trading goes out through New Orleans
- Jefferson sends Livingston and Monroe to Napoleon to buy the port of
New Orleans and surrounding land (known as West Florida)
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