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SSFT Midterm - Marsch Questions and Answers 2024
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SSFT Midterm - Marsch
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SSFT Midterm - Marsch"The 'unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics' in uncovering the structure of the
physical world (to use Eugene Wigner's pregnant phrase) is a hint of the presence of
the Creator, given to us creatures who are made in the divine image." - answerRevd.
Dr. John Polkinghorne
"I am persuaded that the unjust live by faith as well as the just" - answerThomas Reid
(1710-1796)
What is Science? - answer"A branch of study which is concerned either with a
connected body of demonstrated truths or with observed facts systematically classified
and more or less colligated (joined together) by being brought under general laws, and
which includes trustworthy methods for the discovery of new truth within its own
domain."
What is the Scientific Method? - answerHypothesis, Observation, Theory, Law
Hypothesis - answerweak and provisional - they must be testable by experiment!
Theory - answerstrong and fundamental, predictive
-Interpret data
-Suggest new avenues of research & new hypotheses
-They can be tested
-They can tie together (colligate) strands of evidence & ideas into unified,
comprehensive explanation
Law - answershort mathematical expression of a physical phenomenon.
When is a theory good? - answerWhen it is accurate, consistent, wide scope, simple,
fruitful
Empiricism - answer-Developed over 2,500 years, from ancient Greece to present.
-Not a universal cultural philosophy
-Knowledge can be found by the senses & derived from experience.
-Conflicting theories can be tested.
-Bottom-up view - you get laws and theories by experimental data.
Limits to empiricism - answerTo some- empiricism the summa of societal evolution
(Positivism—see later slides)
To others - science is a societal construct -based on worldviews (Idealism)
- Pierre Duhem (1861-1916)
- Frances Yates (1899-1981)
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