Fluid and Electrolyte (NURS 306)
Question and answers correctly solved
What is the major electrolyte of the ECF? - correct answer ✔sodium
what is the major cation of the ICF? - correct answer ✔potassium
which electrolyte has a role in muscle contraction and the transmission of
nerve impulses? - correct answer ✔sodium
what is the second most abundant ICF cation after potassium? - correct
answer ✔magnesium
what are normal calcium levels? - correct answer ✔8.5-10.5 mg/dL
which electrolyte plays a major role in controlling water distribution in ICF and
ECF? - correct answer ✔sodium
what type of cells does sodium mostly affect? - correct answer ✔Brain cells
what are the manifestations of hyponatremia? - correct answer ✔irritability,
confusion, hypotension, edema, muscle cramps & weaknesses, and dry skin
what is hyponatremia caused by? - correct answer ✔loss of water or loss of
Na
how is Na lost for hyponatremia? - correct answer ✔vomitng, diarrhea,
fistulas, sweating, or as a result of diuretics
,what is the tx for hyponatremia? - correct answer ✔replacement of Na
through diet first
- add salt to food
- limit water intake to 800 mL/24 hr
- fluid restriction if severe
- IVF replacement
what is hypernatremia caused by? - correct answer ✔excess water loss or
overall excess sodium
- through fluid deprivation, lack of fluid consumption, diabetes insipidus,
diarrhea, and excess insensible water loss via hyperventilation, burns,
diaphoresis
Do cells swell or shrink with hypernatremia? - correct answer ✔shrink
what are the manifestations of hypernatremia? - correct answer ✔CNS
impairment (seizures, restlessness, agitation, weakness, disorientation,
delusion & hallucinations), flushed skin, elevated temp, intense thirst, sticky
mouth & mucous increased BP and increased HR
what is the treatment for hypernatremia? - correct answer ✔treat the cause
- medication or IVF hypotonic solution (0.33% NS) or isotonic
- restrict Na intake (processed cheese, lunch meats, canned soups and
veggies, salted snack foods, and table salt)
What does potassium affect? - correct answer ✔neuromuscular and
CARDIAC function
, what electrolyte is essential for transmission of electrical impulses in nerves? -
correct answer ✔K
what electrolyte is important in the regulation of acid-base balance? - correct
answer ✔potassium
What is the first organ to demonstrate a potassium deficiency? - correct
answer ✔skeletal muscles
what are typical signs of hypokalemia? - correct answer ✔muscle weakness,
leg cramps, fatigue, paresthesias (flaccid paralysis), dysrhythmias, and EKG
changes (depressed ST)
what is the tx for hypokalemia? - correct answer ✔- KCl supplement
- Foods high in K
what are foods high in potassium? - correct answer ✔- Red = strawberry,
tomato, NOT apple
- orange = oranges, cantaloupe, carrots, apricot
- yellow = banana, potato
- green = avocado, kiwi, broccoli
- blue (from the sea) = fish
- violet = raisins
what is hyperkalemia caused by? - correct answer ✔renal failure,
hypoaldosteronism, crush injuries, burns, or medications (KCl, heparin, ACE
inhibitors, NSAIDS, diuretics)
Question and answers correctly solved
What is the major electrolyte of the ECF? - correct answer ✔sodium
what is the major cation of the ICF? - correct answer ✔potassium
which electrolyte has a role in muscle contraction and the transmission of
nerve impulses? - correct answer ✔sodium
what is the second most abundant ICF cation after potassium? - correct
answer ✔magnesium
what are normal calcium levels? - correct answer ✔8.5-10.5 mg/dL
which electrolyte plays a major role in controlling water distribution in ICF and
ECF? - correct answer ✔sodium
what type of cells does sodium mostly affect? - correct answer ✔Brain cells
what are the manifestations of hyponatremia? - correct answer ✔irritability,
confusion, hypotension, edema, muscle cramps & weaknesses, and dry skin
what is hyponatremia caused by? - correct answer ✔loss of water or loss of
Na
how is Na lost for hyponatremia? - correct answer ✔vomitng, diarrhea,
fistulas, sweating, or as a result of diuretics
,what is the tx for hyponatremia? - correct answer ✔replacement of Na
through diet first
- add salt to food
- limit water intake to 800 mL/24 hr
- fluid restriction if severe
- IVF replacement
what is hypernatremia caused by? - correct answer ✔excess water loss or
overall excess sodium
- through fluid deprivation, lack of fluid consumption, diabetes insipidus,
diarrhea, and excess insensible water loss via hyperventilation, burns,
diaphoresis
Do cells swell or shrink with hypernatremia? - correct answer ✔shrink
what are the manifestations of hypernatremia? - correct answer ✔CNS
impairment (seizures, restlessness, agitation, weakness, disorientation,
delusion & hallucinations), flushed skin, elevated temp, intense thirst, sticky
mouth & mucous increased BP and increased HR
what is the treatment for hypernatremia? - correct answer ✔treat the cause
- medication or IVF hypotonic solution (0.33% NS) or isotonic
- restrict Na intake (processed cheese, lunch meats, canned soups and
veggies, salted snack foods, and table salt)
What does potassium affect? - correct answer ✔neuromuscular and
CARDIAC function
, what electrolyte is essential for transmission of electrical impulses in nerves? -
correct answer ✔K
what electrolyte is important in the regulation of acid-base balance? - correct
answer ✔potassium
What is the first organ to demonstrate a potassium deficiency? - correct
answer ✔skeletal muscles
what are typical signs of hypokalemia? - correct answer ✔muscle weakness,
leg cramps, fatigue, paresthesias (flaccid paralysis), dysrhythmias, and EKG
changes (depressed ST)
what is the tx for hypokalemia? - correct answer ✔- KCl supplement
- Foods high in K
what are foods high in potassium? - correct answer ✔- Red = strawberry,
tomato, NOT apple
- orange = oranges, cantaloupe, carrots, apricot
- yellow = banana, potato
- green = avocado, kiwi, broccoli
- blue (from the sea) = fish
- violet = raisins
what is hyperkalemia caused by? - correct answer ✔renal failure,
hypoaldosteronism, crush injuries, burns, or medications (KCl, heparin, ACE
inhibitors, NSAIDS, diuretics)
