TCDHA Perio 1 Final Questions with Answers (All Answers Correct)
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TCDHA Perio 1
Institution
TCDHA Perio 1
polymorphonuclear leukocytes - ️️(PMNs)
-neutrophils
- rapid responders- 1st line of defence
- capture/ destroy bacterial invaders
-short-lived
monocytes/macrophages - ️️monocytes:in the bloodstream
macrophages: in the tissues
-slower to arrive at infection site than PMNs
-surround/...
TCDHA Perio 1 Final
polymorphonuclear leukocytes - ✔️✔️(PMNs)
-neutrophils
- rapid responders- 1st line of defence
- capture/ destroy bacterial invaders
-short-lived
monocytes/macrophages - ✔️✔️monocytes:in the bloodstream
macrophages: in the tissues
-slower to arrive at infection site than PMNs
-surround/destroy bacteria
-long-lived cells in chronic inflammation
examples of systemic risk factors - ✔️✔️• Tobacco use
• Diabetes mellitus
• Metabolic Syndrome
• Leukemia
• HIV-Infection
• Stress
• Osteoporosis
• Hormonal variations
• Neutropenia
• Down syndrome
• Medication side effects
immune system - ✔️✔️complex body defines system- protects body against bacteria,
viruses, toxins and parasites
innate system - ✔️✔️-present at birth
-not antigen specific
-present at all times
-does not improve with
repeated exposure to infectious agent
adaptive immune system - ✔️✔️-develops throughout life
-antigen specific
-lag time between infection and response
-memory develops- provides lifelong immunity to reinfection
immune response - ✔️✔️defend the life of the individual - by identifying foreign
substances in body and developing defence against them
, host response - ✔️✔️The way that an individual's body responds to an infection
leukocytes - ✔️✔️-act like independent single-cell organisms
-can move through tissues and capture micro-organisms on their own
-2 types important in perio disease: PMNs, Moncytes/macrophages
phagocytosis - ✔️✔️process by which leukocytes engulf and digest microorganisms
what attracts leukocytes to an infection site - ✔️✔️PMNs are attracted to bacteria by
chemotaxis
lysosomes - ✔️✔️strong bactericidal and digestive enzymes in PMN
-perio pathogens are effectively destroyed by PMNs
lymphocytes - ✔️✔️small leukocytes- help defend body
2 types: B cells, t cells
B lymphocytes - ✔️✔️B Cells
makes antibodies and pour into bloodstream
2 types: plasma/ memory b cells
antibodies - ✔️✔️y shaped proteins
y binds w outside of b celll
-other end of y binds to a MO and kills it
antibodies - ✔️✔️are known collectively as immunoglobulins
T lymphocytes - ✔️✔️T cells
intensify the response of other immune cells to bacterial invasion
-produce CYTOKINES- further stimulate immune response
cytokine - ✔️✔️protein secreted by cells and affects behaviour of nearby cells
regulate behaviour of immune cells
complement system - ✔️✔️series of protons circulating in blood:
-facilitate phagocytosis of bacteria
-kill bacteria directly - form pores in bacterial cell membrane
function of complement system - ✔️✔️• Destruction of pathogens
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