Won’t be tested on which antibiotic takes care of which **Penicillin and Cephalosporins are cousins**
infection.
Organ toxicity—Ear, liver, kidney, Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Broad spectrum antibiotics (effective against gram-positive
and gram-negative, ex. Tetracycline, cephalosporins), Overview of mechanism of action
frequently used when offending microorganism has not been Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis
identified by C&S. Alteration of membrane permeability
Narrow spectrum antibiotics (treats one bacteria type) Inhibition of protein synthesis
Inhibition of synthesis of bacterial RNA and DNA
How can I safely give this medication to my patient?? Interference with metabolism within the cell
Antibacterial-inhibit bacterial growth or kill bacteria and other
microorganisms General adverse reactions
Allergic reaction-hypersensitivity, rash, pruritis, hives,
Antibiotics-inhibit bacterial growth or kill bacteria anaphylactic shock [red, bumpy rash]
Bacteriostatic drugs-inhibit growth of bacteria
Superinfection-Secondary infection when normal flora killed.
Bactericidal drugs-kill bacteria
Makes mouth feel sore. Take probiotics, eat yogurt, drink
Resistance to antibacterials-pathogen continues to grow after buttermilk to avoid superinfections.
antibacterial administration (MRSA, VREF, VRSA) >candidiasis(fungal/yeast) [irritated, foul smell, discharge]
>C diff(bacterial) (bloody-mucousy diarrhea, foul smell,
Antibiotic misuse-taken for viral infection (antibiotics do
abdominal pain) [more than 3 episodes of diarrhea]
nothing for viruses), taken when no bacterial infection present,
taking antibiotics incorrectly (skipping doses), Misuse
Usual sites---Mouth, skin, respiratory tract>>>Genitourinary
increases antibiotic resistance
tract, intestines
Cross-resistance-can occur between antibacterial drugs with
similar actions
, POSSIBLE DECREASES ORAL BLEEDING STEVEN’S RED MAN CNS EFFECTS PHOTOSENSITIVIT
ALLERGY BIRTH CONTROL JOHNSON SYNDROM Y
EFFECT SYNDROME E
ALL ALL ALL ALL VANCOMYCIN AZITHROMYCIN AZITHROMYCIN
PCN PCN PCN PCN GENTAMICIN TETRACYCLINES
CEPHALOSPORINS CEPHALOSPORINS CEPHALOSPORINS CEPHALOSPORINS CIPROFLOXACIN CIPROFLOXACIN
VANCOMYCIN VANCOMYCIN VANCOMYCIN VANCOMYCIN CEPHALOSPORI SULFA
N
TETRACYCLINES TETRACYCLINES TETRACYCLINES TETRACYCLINES
GENTAMICIN GENTAMICIN GENTAMICIN GENTAMICIN
SULFA SULFA SULFA SULFA
ACYCLOVIR ACYCLOVIR ACYCLOVIR ACYCLOVIR
NITROFURANTOIN NITROFURANTOIN NITROFURANTOIN NITROFURANTOIN
PHENAZOPYRADIN PHENAZOPYRADINE PHENAZOPYRADIN PHENAZOPYRADINE
E E
LOW BLOOD TENDON ELECTROLYT OTOTOXIC MORE MORE BOTH LIVER AND
SUGAR TEARS E NEPHROTOXIC HEPATOTOXIC KIDNEY
IMBALANCES
CIPROFLOXACIN CIPROFLOXACIN CAUTION: AZITHROMYCIN CEPHALOSPORINS AZITHROMYCIN CIPROFLOXACIN
ACYCLOVIR
SULFA VANCOMYCIN VANCOMYCIN TETRACYCLINES PHENAZOPYRIDINE
FLUCONAZOLE GENTAMICIN GENTAMICIN NITROFURANTOIN FLUCONAZOLE
(LONG USE)
SULFA-CAUSE
CRYSTALLURIA
ACYCLOVIR-CAUSE
CRYSTALLURIA
, UNIT 9-ANTIBACTERIAL/ANTIBIOTICS
Penicillin-Amoxicillin (end in -cillin===some are broad spectrum, some are narrow spectrum) Bleeding (interferes with clotting)
Action Uses INTERACTIONS/ Side effects/Adverse reactions Pre-assessment Interventions including Therapeutic response
CONTRAINDICATIONS – How to recognize – how to (What do I need to know teaching
prevent before I give it?)
Inhibit bacterial Allergic to other PCN Tongue discoloration,
cell wall synthesis or cephalosporin stomatitis-inflammation/sores
Colon issues that cause in mouth
diarrhea glossitis-sores on tongue
Caution with renal GI distress (N, V, diarrhea)
impairment and liver Clostridium difficile-associated
impairment diarrhea
Decrease effect with Hypersensitivity, anaphylaxis
acidic fruits/juices- Superinfection
(citrus juice) Bleeding (interferes with
Decrease effectiveness clotting)
of oral birth control Steven’s Johnson Syndrome
Anticoagulants
Cephalosporin Ceftriaxone AKA Rocephin (-Ceph or -cef in name)
“C” antibiotics causing “C” problems(central nervous system)
First, second, third, fourth and fifth generation (Nephrotoxic)
Action Uses INTERACTIONS/ Side effects/Adverse Pre-assessment Interventions including Therapeutic response
CONTRAINDICATIONS reactions – How to (What do I need to know teaching
recognize – how to prevent before I give it?)
Bacterial Interactions: GI upset Assess for allergies Obtain C&S before giving Decreased fever
infections Bleeding disorder or Dizziness/vertigo “C” Assess renal and liver first dose lower WBC count
warfarin Headache function Monitor for superinfection Symptoms improved
Decreases effect of Superinfection Review lab results (was c & s Monitor for signs and
oral birth control Bleeding collected) (GFR, BUN, symptoms of allergic
Contraindications: Allergic reaction Creatinine, LFT, CBC, WBC) reaction
Severe Kidney disease Anaphylactic reaction Review I&O Monitor vital signs
Penicillin or Nephrotoxic Vital signs Increase fluids-monitor
cephalosporin allergy Steven’s Johnson Syndrome I&O
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