Paradigm shift - ANSWERSChange in our view or rethinking our understanding of a basic concept.
Continental drift theory - ANSWERSAt some time in Earth's history, the continents had come together to form Pangaea.
Oceanic ridge system - ANSWERSConsists of broad areas of shallower seafloor, sour...
ESC100 Exam #2 Questions & Answers
100% Correct!!
Paradigm shift - ANSWERSChange in our view or rethinking our understanding of a
basic concept.
Continental drift theory - ANSWERSAt some time in Earth's history, the continents had
come together to form Pangaea.
Oceanic ridge system - ANSWERSConsists of broad areas of shallower seafloor,
source of volcanic activity.
Age of oceanic crust - ANSWERSRelatively young compared to the age of the
continents.
Age of ocean floor - ANSWERSYoungest at oceanic ridges, oldest along edges of
oceans.
Ring of Fire - ANSWERSRegion around the Pacific Ocean.
Seafloor spreading theory - ANSWERSNew oceanic lithosphere is being continuously
formed along the ridge system by magma rising from below. As this occurs, the existing
rocks of the seafloor move away from the ridge.(pg. 84)
Declination - ANSWERSThe angle between the direction the north arrow points on a
compass at some location & the direction to the geographic North Pole from that
location. (pg. 85)
Paleomagnetism - ANSWERSStudy of the magnetic field preserved in rocks. (pg. 85)
"Normal" polarity of Earth's magnetic field - ANSWERSNegative magnetic pole &
geographic North Pole are adjacent. (pg. 85)
Lithosphere - ANSWERSRigid outer layer composed of the crust & uppermost mantle.
Outermost layer on Earth. (pg. 88)
Theory of plate tectonics - ANSWERSInteractions of the plates along oceanic ridges &
trenches account for the formation of new lithosphere, mountains, earthquakes, &
, volcanoes & contribute to gradual movement of continents & opening of oceans. (pg.
89)
Active margins - ANSWERSCharacterized by volcanoes & earthquakes. (pg. 92)
Hot spot - ANSWERSThe point where a plume of rising hot mantle & rock reaches the
surface. (pg. 92)
Convection - ANSWERSHot rock rises below oceanic ridges & colder rock descends at
subduction zones. (pg. 94)
Divergent plate boundaries - ANSWERSOccur where hot, rising mantle rock causes
plates to move apart. (pg. 95)
Rift Valley - ANSWERSWide, steep-walled depression formed as the lithosphere breaks
apart. (pg. 96)
Convergent plate boundaries - ANSWERSOceanic lithosphere is consumed at
subduction zones where it descends into the mantle beneath trenches (plates move
towards one another). (pg. 96)
Transform plate boundaries - ANSWERSPlates slide past one another. (pg. 100)
Tsunami - ANSWERSSeries of high ocean waves generated by vertical movement of
the seafloor, sometimes caused by an earthquake. (pg. 107)
Megathrust earthquake - ANSWERSVery largest earthquakes, occur on faults that are
very long, capable of generating a tsunami. (pg. 108)
Fault system - ANSWERSGroup of faults that move in a similar fashion. (pg. 108)
Fault - ANSWERSFractures where two blocks of rock move past each other. (pg. 110)
Focus - ANSWERSLocation on the fault where movement begins (earthquake source).
(pg. 111)
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