Ethics, Bioethics - answer✔_______________ branch of philosophy differing right from wrong.
________ ethical concepts within the scope of nursing/medicine/allied health.
Absolute Right, Legal Right - answer✔when there is no restriction whatsoever on the
individual's entitlement vs. right on which society has agreed and formalized into law
Values, Values Clarification - answer✔__________ are *PERSONAL* beliefs and __________
__________ is a process of self-exploration by which people identify and rank their own
personal values
Moral Behavior - answer✔CONDUCT that results from critical thinking about how individuals
ought to treat others
Autonomy - answer✔Emphasizes status of persons as moral agents who's right to determine
their own care/destiny should ALWAYS be respected.
Beneficence - answer✔One's duty to *benefit or promote* the good of others
Nonmaleficence - answer✔*Abstaining from negative acts* towards others (including acting
with care to avoid harm).
Justice - answer✔Duty to *treat all individuals equally and fairly*; hypothetical social contract
Veracity - answer✔Duty to *always be truthful*
IOM Report: Unequal Treatment 2023 - answer✔*FIRST* comprehensive and systemic proof of
health disparities and unequal healthcare provided to *minorities*.
--Doctors are less aggressive, provide inferior care to AAs
Focused on general health not mental health BUT overall compelling evidence of health
disparities in the US
Social Justice - answer✔According the APHA ____ ______ is one component required to
achieve *Health Equality*.
Crownsville Hospital - answer✔"Madness: Race and Insanity in a Jim Crow Asylum" by Antonia
Hylton
-Opened 1911 and closed 2004
-Hospital for Negro Insane of MD, built by patients, worked in fields/kitchen/morgues
-Segregated farming colony until late 1950s, desegregated in 1963
John Brown - answer✔Slave (1810-1876), author of "Slave Life in Georgia: A Narrative of the
Life, Sufferings, and Escape of John Brown, a Fugitive Slave, Now in England."
--given to Dr. Thomas Hamilton of GA, who administered cruel experimentation on him as part
of a "scientific" attempt to prove that black skin was thicker, and that they had a higher
tolerance to heat.
Implicit Bias - answer✔*PERVASIVE* and *MALLEABLE* (can be gradually unlearned),
possessed by everyone (even moral judges, etc.). Refer to attitudes or stereotypes that affect
our understanding, actions, and decisions in an UNCONSCIOUS manner. (related to BUT distinct
mental construct from explicit biases). These tend to *favor our own in group*
--May *CONTRADICT* our DECLARED beliefs
--Non-dominant groups internalize negative biases
Schizophrenia - answer✔In the 1960s this disorder when from a disease that was a harmless
neurosis of the "white man" to a disease afflicting primarily the "Negro Man" d/t *s/s of RAGE
and AGGRESSION*.-- conflated with civil rights protests at the time.
-Diagnosed in AA males 4x as often as whites
-"only factor that was truly important was race"
Mental Health Disparities Today - answer✔Regardless of disorder, AA are more likely to:
-Treat as inpatients
2|Page
-Involuntarily admit
-Placed in seclusion or restraints
- High dose of antipsychotics
(****Not due to greater disease severity)
-Use ED services, resulting in crisis- oriented help
-Receive a FGA than a SGA, more at risk for TD
-Be dx with schizophrenia and SUD
-Experience longer delays in seeking care
-Be admitted for behavioral disturbances
--> White more likely to be admitted for cognitive or affective disturbances
-->Whites with MDD are more likely than AA to receive antidepressant medications
-AA are more likely to receive ECT
(Cannot be explained by SES or demographic differences)
Schizophrenia, Affective - answer✔African Americans are more likely to be diagnosed with
______ and less likely to be diagnosed with an _______ disorder (OR mood/stress-related
disorder). Despite NO DIFFERENCE in prevalence in primary psychotic disorders in
epidemiological studies.
--BASED ON: biased interviews, cultural suspicion misinterpreted as *overevaluation of
psychotic symptoms*, under diagnosis of mood disorders
Ethnopsychopharmacology - answer✔Cautionary tale, belief that AA require more medication
d/t increased stereotypical hostility and aggression
In reality--> ~50% people of African descent have reduced functionality of CYP2D6 alleles
(covers approx. 25% psychotropic agents)
-->lead to increased side effects, EPS, and lower treatment adherence
Access to Mental Healthcare - answer✔*MEDICAIDE* (largest payer for mental health services
in the US). State Medicaid expansions are optional.
****People with mental illness are LESS LIKELY to have insurance
-Public insurance > benefits than private insurance for those with mental illness
-->ACA fully implemented would provide 3.7m adults with mental illness with coverage
Contributors to Health Disparity - answer✔-Lack of availability of care
-Lack of providers
-Transportation issues (childcare/taking time off work)
-Mental health stigma
-Language barriers
-Racism, bias, and discrimination in treatment settings
-Lack of adequate health insurance coverage (Uninsured vs. Underinsured, High deductibles
and co-pays)
Social Justice Approach - answer✔This approach to mental health would focus on ensuring
equitable access to the social determinants of health for all. Principle that it's impossible to
regain your health if your basic needs are going unmet..
-->*Mental Health Has CLEAR DETERMINANTS*:
-Access to housing
-Education
4|Page
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Brightstars. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
