NURS 3119 Diuretics and Electrolytes Exam
4 Questions With Correct Answers
What are Nursing Interventions for Patients on Diuretics? - answer✔>Baseline and ongoing
assessments - weight, VS, I/O, electrolytes, and other labs (glucose, LFT's, cholesterol)
>Teach about signs of electrolyte imbalance - especially potassium
>Teach about signs of fluid imbalance - watch for dehydration
>Generally given early in the day, especially patients getting regular doses
>Consider foley catheter in patients who are immobile
>Diuretic meds are a notch in the fall scale
What are Classifications of Diuretic Medications? - answer✔>Loop diuretics
>Thiazide diuretic
>Potassium sparing diuretics
>Osmotic diuretics
What are Examples of Loop Diuretics? - answer✔>Furosemide
>Bumetanide
>Ethacrynic acid
>Torsemide
What are Examples of Thiazide Diuretics? - answer✔Hydrochlorothiazide (others that end in
thiazide)
What are Examples of Potassium Sparing Diuretics? - answer✔>Spironolactone
>Triamterene
>Amiloride
What are Examples of Osmotic Diuretics? - answer✔Mannitol
What is the Mechanism of Action of Loop Diuretics? - answer✔Block reabsorption of Na and Cl
to prevent reabsorption of water
What are the Uses of Loop Diuretics? - answer✔When we need to excrete larger amounts of
fluid
>Pulmonary edema, advanced CHF
>Conditions not responsive to other diuretics (loops are not the first line drug for everyday
treatment)
What are Complications of Loop Diuretics? What to Monitor for? - answer✔>Ototoxicity -
monitor for tinnitus
>Hypokalemia (<3.5 K+) - vomiting, fatigue, cramps, weakness
--Monitor labs
--Teach patient about high K+ foods: bananas, potatoes, dried fruit, nuts, spinach, citrus
What are Interactions with Loop Diuretics? - answer✔>Antihypertensive meds - increased
hypotension
>Lithium - increased effects --> toxicity, especially if hyponatremic
>NSAIDs - block effectiveness of diuretic
What is the Mechanism of Action of Thiazide Diuretics? - answer✔Block reabsorption of Na and
Cl to block reabsorption of water
>Milder effects than loop diuretics
What is the First Line Medication for Essential Hypertension? - answer✔Thiazide diuretics
What are Complications of Thiazide Diuretics? - answer✔>Hypokalemia (<3.5 K+) - vomiting,
fatigue, leg cramps, weakness
>Hyperglycemia - monitor levels for patients with diabetes
>Hyperuricemia, hypomagnesemia, increased lipids
--Monitor labs
--Low magnesium symptoms: weakness, muscle twitching, tremors
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