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AQA A LEVEL CHEMISTRY PAPER 1 Frequently Most Tested Questions and Verified Accurate Answers $13.09   Add to cart

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AQA A LEVEL CHEMISTRY PAPER 1 Frequently Most Tested Questions and Verified Accurate Answers

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TOF steps 1) ionisation 2) acceleration 3) ion drift 4) detection 5) analysis Electron impact Sample vaporised and electron gun fires high energy electrons at it which knock off 1 electron from each particle, making them 1+ ions NB- can knock off more than one e or break molecular...

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  • November 19, 2024
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AQA A LEVEL CHEMISTRY PAPER 1
Frequently Most Tested Questions and
Verified Accurate Answers
TOF steps

✓ 1) ionisation

✓ 2) acceleration

✓ 3) ion drift

✓ 4) detection

✓ 5) analysis



Electron impact

✓ Sample vaporised and electron gun fires high energy electrons at it which knock off 1
electron from each particle, making them 1+ ions

✓ NB- can knock off more than one e or break molecular ion



electrospray ionization

✓ Sample dissolved in volatile solvent then injected through needle to give fine mist which is
attached to positive end of high voltage power supply, particles gain proton

✓ NB- Mr of substance is actually one less than shown due to extra H+



Acceleration (TOF)

✓ positive ions accelerated using electric field so they all have the same kinetic energy



Ion drift (TOF)

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✓ particles with small mass have larger velocity do ions start to separate with lightest ions
reaching detector first



Detection (TOF)

✓ positive ions hit negatively charged plate and gain an electron which forms a current, the
larger the current the higher the abundance



Analysis (TOF)

✓ -computer uses data to produce mass spectrum which shows mass m / charge z ratio

✓ -mr or ar is furthest right peak (small peaks larger than mr are due to isotopes)

✓ -may be large peaks at lower mr due to fragmentation



Electron spin

✓ Property of electron (CW or ACW)

✓ Represented by up and down arrows



Orbitals

✓ Defined regions of space around nucleus where electrons most likely to be found, each
orbital holds 2 electrons



Hund's Rule

✓ Electrons prefer to occupy orbitals on their own and only pair up when no empty or bait
ask of same energy are available




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