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AQA A LEVEL CHEMISTRY PAPER 1
Frequently Most Tested Questions and
Verified Accurate Answers
TOF steps
✓ 1) ionisation
✓ 2) acceleration
✓ 3) ion drift
✓ 4) detection
✓ 5) analysis
Electron impact
✓ Sample vaporised and electron gun fires high energy electrons at it which knock off 1
electron from each particle, making them 1+ ions
✓ NB- can knock off more than one e or break molecular ion
electrospray ionization
✓ Sample dissolved in volatile solvent then injected through needle to give fine mist which is
attached to positive end of high voltage power supply, particles gain proton
✓ NB- Mr of substance is actually one less than shown due to extra H+
Acceleration (TOF)
✓ positive ions accelerated using electric field so they all have the same kinetic energy
Ion drift (TOF)
|
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✓ particles with small mass have larger velocity do ions start to separate with lightest ions
reaching detector first
Detection (TOF)
✓ positive ions hit negatively charged plate and gain an electron which forms a current, the
larger the current the higher the abundance
Analysis (TOF)
✓ -computer uses data to produce mass spectrum which shows mass m / charge z ratio
✓ -mr or ar is furthest right peak (small peaks larger than mr are due to isotopes)
✓ -may be large peaks at lower mr due to fragmentation
Electron spin
✓ Property of electron (CW or ACW)
✓ Represented by up and down arrows
Orbitals
✓ Defined regions of space around nucleus where electrons most likely to be found, each
orbital holds 2 electrons
Hund's Rule
✓ Electrons prefer to occupy orbitals on their own and only pair up when no empty or bait
ask of same energy are available
|
✓ Thank You for Choosing Us! ✓ Resources & Updates: [Testtrackers - Stuvia US]
✓ © 2024 TestTrackers ✓ Your Success is Our Mission!
✓ Customer Support: [+254707240657]
AQA A LEVEL CHEMISTRY PAPER 1
Frequently Most Tested Questions and
Verified Accurate Answers
TOF steps
✓ 1) ionisation
✓ 2) acceleration
✓ 3) ion drift
✓ 4) detection
✓ 5) analysis
Electron impact
✓ Sample vaporised and electron gun fires high energy electrons at it which knock off 1
electron from each particle, making them 1+ ions
✓ NB- can knock off more than one e or break molecular ion
electrospray ionization
✓ Sample dissolved in volatile solvent then injected through needle to give fine mist which is
attached to positive end of high voltage power supply, particles gain proton
✓ NB- Mr of substance is actually one less than shown due to extra H+
Acceleration (TOF)
✓ positive ions accelerated using electric field so they all have the same kinetic energy
Ion drift (TOF)
|
✓ Thank You for Choosing Us! ✓ Resources & Updates: [Testtrackers - Stuvia US]
✓ © 2024 TestTrackers ✓ Your Success is Our Mission!
✓ Customer Support: [+254707240657]
, TestTrackers: Unlock Your Exam Potential! | Quality Practice Materials | Boost Your Confidence Today!
✓ particles with small mass have larger velocity do ions start to separate with lightest ions
reaching detector first
Detection (TOF)
✓ positive ions hit negatively charged plate and gain an electron which forms a current, the
larger the current the higher the abundance
Analysis (TOF)
✓ -computer uses data to produce mass spectrum which shows mass m / charge z ratio
✓ -mr or ar is furthest right peak (small peaks larger than mr are due to isotopes)
✓ -may be large peaks at lower mr due to fragmentation
Electron spin
✓ Property of electron (CW or ACW)
✓ Represented by up and down arrows
Orbitals
✓ Defined regions of space around nucleus where electrons most likely to be found, each
orbital holds 2 electrons
Hund's Rule
✓ Electrons prefer to occupy orbitals on their own and only pair up when no empty or bait
ask of same energy are available
|
✓ Thank You for Choosing Us! ✓ Resources & Updates: [Testtrackers - Stuvia US]
✓ © 2024 TestTrackers ✓ Your Success is Our Mission!
✓ Customer Support: [+254707240657]
