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BIO 252 EXAM 1 REVISION QUESTIONS FREQUENTLY TESTED WITH CORRECT ANSWERS.
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BIO 252 EXAM 1 REVISION QUESTIONS FREQUENTLY TESTED WITH CORRECT ANSWERS.
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BIO 252 EXAM 1 REVISION QUESTIONSFREQUENTLY TESTED WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS.
When there is an immune attack on the myelin. When myelin is lost, the ions
will not propagate as fast, some well leak out or get lost, and never reach the
target cell like the muscle. Results in loss of functional muscles.
The _________ diameter of an axon, the _______ the resistance and the
_______ the impulse.
Verified Answer -The LARGER the diameter of an axon, the LOWER the
resistance and the FASTER the impulse.
The plasma membrane is ______ is the resting state.
Verified Answer -Polarized
______ gated channels generate local, graded potentials.
Verified Answer -Chemically gated channels generate local potentials.
What are the three types of synapses with a POST synaptic neuron?
Verified Answer -Axodendritic synapses (interact with dendrites)
Axosomatic synapses (interact with the soma - cell body)
Axoaxonic synapses (interact with the axon
,EPSP
Verified Answer -Excitatory Post Synaptic Potential
There are channels that allow sodium ions to move in the post synaptic neuron
and this causes depolarization and a graded potential = EPSP. We have a -70
RMP. The Na+ is going to depolarize it. There is no AP in the soma so the Na+ is
going to go the trigger zone. We have an EPSP but since it does not reach
threshold it is not sufficient enough to generate an AP.
Spatial summation
Verified Answer -When the postsynaptic neuron is stimulated by a large number
of terminals at the SAME TIME
If there are enough sodium ions, there will be enough depolarization to reach
the threshold and cause an action potentials. It needs to be close to the axon
hillock. The further it is, the higher the chance of dying out.
Temporal summation
Verified Answer -Presynaptic neurons transmit impulses in RAPID FIRE ORDER.
What is the stimulus for an AP?
Verified Answer -A graded potential from the dendrites and the cell body, and
voltage gated channels. APs result in synaptic activity and information
processing
What is an IPSP?
Verified Answer -Needed for regulation. Results in hyperpolarization and makes
it harder to reach the threshold. (membrane may become more permeable to K+
and Cl- ions)
, Where are inhibitory synapses?
Verified Answer -- Inhibitory synapses will be mostly found at the cell body or
close to the axon hillock
- IPSPs can also summate with EPSPs, canceling each other out
NT's are commonly classified as excitatory or inhibitory. Use ACh as an example.
Verified Answer -ACh is stimulatory at neuromuscular junctions (skeletal)
ACh is inhibitory at neuromuscular junction of the heart
effect of the neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic membrane depends on the
type of receptor,
The human brain
Verified Answer -Not pictured: Cerebellum (near pons and medulla)
Cerebrum (top of brain)
The cerebral cortex is contralateral. What does this mean?
Verified Answer -Each hemisphere is responsible for the opposite side of the
body. Left hemisphere sense right inputs, etc. Decussation causes this quality.
Remember no single area acts alone. Conscious behavior involves the entire
cortex.
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