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Geog 274 Final Frequently Most Tested Questions and Verified Accurate Answers

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  • Geog 274

soil dynamic natural material composed of water, air, minerals, and organic matter. Non renewable why soil is important important for ecosytems, serves as a habitat for microbes, source of nutrients, stores greenhouse gases biosphere living organisms and their environment, open system d...

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  • November 19, 2024
  • 23
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • Geog 274
  • Geog 274
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Geog 274 Final Frequently Most Tested
Questions and Verified Accurate Answers
soil

✓ dynamic natural material composed of water, air, minerals, and organic matter. Non
renewable



why soil is important

✓ important for ecosytems, serves as a habitat for microbes, source of nutrients, stores
greenhouse gases



biosphere

✓ living organisms and their environment, open system driven by solar radiation



ecosystem

✓ self sustaining plant/animal and nonliving environment, open system



Natural Soil Formation Factors

✓ addition, translocation, topography, biological activity, time, removal



addition

✓ weathering of rocks provides raw material for soil



translocation


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✓ movement of material down the soil horizions



edaphosphere

✓ soil layer



soil building takes

✓ 100 years/cm



human impact on soil

✓ poor farming practices can cause more soil loss than formation, other factors are
overgrazing, deforestation, salinizatio, and desertification



Desertification

✓ Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like
excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.



sustainable soil practices

✓ ploughing on the contour, reduced ploughing, no till agriculture (reduced water loss, soil
erosion, and encourages root growth)



soil components




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✓ 50% weathered rock and organic material

✓ 50%water and air

✓ open system



organic material

✓ includes living, dead, and decomposed organic matter such as microorganisms, plant
roots, dead/decomposiing plants/animals, humus



soil development is affected by

✓ natural processes (parent rock, decomposing organic matter, bacterial processes,
bioturbation) and human activities



parent material of soil

✓ is important for establishing the structure of the soil



eluviation

✓ the washing out of fine soil components from the A horizon by downward-percolating
water. erosional process



illuviation

✓ deposit of leached material in lower soil layers (B horizon). depositional process



solum




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