EOSC 210 Midterm Exam Questions and Correct Answers Already Passed
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Course
EOSC 210
Institution
EOSC 210
EOSC 210 Midterm Exam Questions and Correct Answers Already Passed
What is a mineral - Answer- Naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline structure (lattices) and consistent chemical composition (varies only within defined limits) Physical appearance reflects crystalline structure
...
EOSC 210 Midterm Exam
Questions and Correct
Answers Already Passed
What is a mineral - Answer- Naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline
structure (lattices) and consistent chemical composition (varies only within defined
limits) Physical appearance reflects crystalline structure
How do minerals form? - Answer- -Cooling/crystallization of magma
-Precipitation from fluids (eg. evaporated lake)
-Chemical changes from heat and pressure changes
-Biomineralization
How can we identify minerals - Answer- -Color (not accurate because one mineral can
come in many colors)
-Luster (appearance of light reflected
-Streak (color in powdered form)
-Hardness (Moh's scale 1-10)
-Cleavage (Tendency to break along weak planes; reflects atomic structure)
-Fracture (irregular breakage)
-Magnetism (most minerals are not magnetic, magnetite is)
-Reaction to acid
-Specific gravity (heftiness)
-Radioactivity
-Habit (general appearance of mineral; need a larger sample)
What is a key property of silicate minerals - Answer- Silica Tetrahedron (SiO4^-4)
anions
Describe the two groups of silicates - Answer- Mafic: Dark silicates, more iron,
magnesium, and calcium
Felsic: Light silicates, more silica, sodium, and potasssium
Key property of carbonate minerals - Answer- 1 carbon atom bonded to 3 oxygens
(CO3)
Eg. Calcite; reactive with acid. Used for cement, paint etc.
, Sulfide Minerals - Answer- contain sulfur plus a metallic element eg. Galena (PbS)
What are two minerals that have the exact same composition but form different -
Answer- Graphite (low pressure, low temp) and diamond (extremely high pressure,
extremely hard)
Carbon
Three main rock types - Answer- -Igneous: Crystallize from a "melt" (magma)
-Metamorphic: formed from the alteration or pre-existing rocks
-Sedimentary: either "clastic" (clasts = grains), or biological or chemical precipitation
Igneous Rock Cycle - Answer- -When high heat and pressure is applied, they turn
metamorphic
-Igneous rocks can become sedimentary rocks by weathering, erosion, deposition, and
compaction.
Metamorphic rock cycle - Answer- -metamorphic rocks will be exposed to weathering
processes through uplift and may break down into sediment
-When the molten rock cools it forms an igneous rock
Sedimentary rock cycle - Answer- -high heat and pressure via burial they become
metamorphic
-If a sedimentary rock is subjected to intense heat it will melt. Once it rises up and cools
down, it will form an igneous rock.
intrusive igneous rock - Answer- igneous rock that forms slowly when magma rises up
and cools in a place underground. Phaneritic, bigger crystals.
extrusive igneous rock - Answer- rock that forms quickly from the cooling and
solidification of lava at Earth's surface. Smaller crystals form, aphanitic texture.
What is two-stage cooling? - Answer- larger crystals embedded in a matrix of smaller
crystals... porphyritic texture
How do rocks melt? - Answer- 1) Raise the temperature
2) Decrease the pressure
3) Add water or other volatiles to induce flux melting. Wet rocks melt at lower temps
magma formation at divergent plate boundaries - Answer- -Decompression melting as
convection moves rocks up
-Lower surface pressure
-Partial melting of certain minerals
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